Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Detection of Myocardial Injury-Related Biomarkers

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, while acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of cardiovascular death. Early and rapid diagnosis of AMI is essential to reduce mortality in patients with CVD. Due to the lack of sufficient sensitivity of common detection methods such as electrocardiogram (ECG), screening for AMI-related biomarkers and conducting sensitive detection has become an important tool for early and accurate detection of AMI. Currently, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB isoenzymes (CK-MB) and myoglobin (Myo) are identified as important biomarkers of myocardial injury. In the past few decades, many biosensors have been developed to detect biomarkers of myocardial injury, among which surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detections have developed rapidly and showed unique advantages and broad application prospects. In this paper, several biomarkers of myocardial injury and their associations with AMI are introduced firstly, and the principles, advantages and limitations of the conventional detection methods for AMI-related biomarkers detection are outlined. Based on this, the research progress of SERS on detection of biomarkers of myocardial injury in recent years is reviewed, and the application and prospect of SERS in AMI diagnosis and the problems and direction of further study are discussed.

Automated summary

This paper highlights the importance of early diagnosis of AMI in reducing mortality rates among CVD patients and discusses the advantages and limitations of common detection methods for AMI-related biomarkers. Furthermore, it reviews the research progress of SERS-based detection of biomarkers of myocardial injury, providing insights into its application and prospects in AMI diagnosis and the direction for future studies.