Journal
STEM CELLS INTERNATIONAL
Volume 2016, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762959
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Funding
- Groningen University Institute for Drug Development and Exploration (GUIDE)
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development [916.11.022]
- Netherlands Heart Foundation [2013T116]
- Netherlands Cardio Vascular Research Initiative
- Dutch Heart Foundation
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (CVON) [2012-08]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [FAPESP-2013/17368-0]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq-401749/2012-6]
- Science Without Borders (Ciencia sem fronteiras) program of the Brazilian Federal Government
- Dutch Federation of University Medical Centers
- Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
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The endothelial lining of the vasculature is exposed to a large variety of biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli with different gradients throughout the vascular network. Adequate adaptation requires endothelial cells to be highly plastic, which is reflected by the remarkable heterogeneity of endothelial cells in tissues and organs. Hemodynamic forces such as fluid shear stress and cyclic strain are strong modulators of the endothelial phenotype and function. Although endothelial plasticity is essential during development and adult physiology, proatherogenic stimuli can induce adverse plasticity which contributes to disease. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), the hallmark of endothelial plasticity, was long thought to be restricted to embryonic development but has emerged as a pathologic process in a plethora of diseases. In this perspective we argue how shear stress and cyclic strain can modulate EndMT and discuss how this is reflected in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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