4.7 Article

Ball milling Fe3O4@biochar cathode coupling persulfate for the removal of sulfadiazine from water: Effectiveness and mechanisms

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Engineering, Environmental

A new insight into the mechanism in Fe3O4@CuO/PMS system with low oxidant dosage

Shuai Shao et al.

Summary: In this study, magnetic Fe3O4@CuOx was developed as an efficient catalyst to activate PMS for the degradation of triclosan. The iron-copper interaction of the bimetallic composites facilitated the production of singlet oxygen, leading to excellent adaptability to various inorganic anions and actual wastewater. The study provides new insights into the mechanism of the Fe3O4 @CuO/PMS system and is beneficial for practical application in wastewater treatment.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Ball-milled bismuth oxychloride/biochar nanocomposites with rich oxygen vacancies for reactive red-120 adsorption in aqueous solution

Yidan Luo et al.

Summary: In this work, a BiOCl/BC nanocomposite with abundant surface oxygen vacancies was successfully prepared by a facile ball milling method. The nanocomposite showed excellent adsorption performance for removing RR120 from aqueous solutions. The effects of key adsorption parameters were studied and the adsorption data were well described by suitable models. The 50%-BiOCl/BC exhibited the best adsorptive performance, attributed to multiple factors.

BIOCHAR (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Impacts of temperatures and phosphoric-acid modification to the physicochemical properties of biochar for excellent sulfadiazine adsorption

Xue-Yu Zeng et al.

Summary: This study investigated the properties of phosphoric acid-modified biochars (PABCs) prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures. PABCs prepared at higher temperatures had a higher proportion of micropores and showed improved adsorption capacity and rate for sulfadiazine (SDZ). The enhancement in adsorption was attributed to the confinement effect of hydrophobic cavities from the microporous structure and the pi-pi electron-donor-acceptor interaction. PABCs exhibited stable adsorption capacities at a wide pH range or high concentrations of coexisting ions.

BIOCHAR (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Magnetic ball-milled FeS@biochar as persulfate activator for degradation of tetracycline

Juan He et al.

Summary: In this study, a composite material of iron sulfide and biochar (FeS@BC) was synthesized using physical ball milling and applied for the oxidative removal of tetracycline in the presence of persulfate. The FeS@BC showed promising efficiency in degrading tetracycline, with biochar playing a facilitating role in the system.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Enhanced oxidation of sulfadiazine by two-stage ultrasound assisted zero-valent iron catalyzed persulfate process: Factors and pathways

Hao Cui et al.

Summary: The study proposes a novel two-stage US-ZVI/PS process that can reduce ZVI usage and energy consumption significantly compared to traditional methods. By controlling the release of Fe2+ within a reasonable range, the efficiency of sulfadiazine removal is greatly enhanced.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Electrocatalytic degradation of humic acid using particle electrodes of activated carbon loaded with metallic cobalt

Wenwen Zhang et al.

Summary: The column granular electrode loaded with metallic cobalt (Co/AC) was prepared and used for degrading humic acid (HA). XRD results showed that Co-0 had better catalytic effects in HA degradation. Compared to AC electrodes, Co/AC electrodes exhibited faster reaction rates and larger double-layer capacitance.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Electrochemical behaviors of biochar materials during pollutant removal in wastewater: A review

Ran Tian et al.

Summary: The review highlights the significance of water decontamination research in promoting the development of carbon materials, particularly biochar with electrochemical properties. It systematically compiles the electrochemical behaviors of biochar in response to various factors, such as surface moieties, carbon matrix structures, biomass sources, fabrication processes, solution pH, and co-existing substances. Quantitative methods for determining the electron donating/accepting capacity of biochar are thoroughly analyzed, with proposed future research prospects to support practical applications in wastewater purification.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

A review on adsorptive separation of toxic metals from aquatic system using biochar produced from agro-waste

P. Senthil Kumar et al.

Summary: Water resources are essential for living beings but are gradually diminishing due to factors like population growth and industrial activities. Heavy metals, common pollutants in water systems, can be effectively removed using adsorption techniques, with agricultural wastes serving as low-cost adsorbents in the process.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Activation of persulfate by nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded porous graphitized biochar for the removal of 17β-estradiol: Synthesis, performance and mechanism

Jinglin Ding et al.

Summary: In this study, biochar was pyrolyzed with potassium ferrate to achieve porosity, graphitization, and iron doping simultaneously, resulting in the synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded porous graphitized biochar. The nZVI/PGBC showed superior efficiency in removing 17 beta-estradiol compared to other materials, and the removal efficiency was affected by reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism involved the activation of persulfate by Fe2+ and Fe3+ redox reactions, with PGBC acting as a carrier for nZVI and a mediator for electron transfer in E2 degradation.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by carbon nanofiber supported Fe3O4@carbon composites for efficient ibuprofen degradation

Yang Zhang et al.

Summary: Heterogeneous catalysts for persulfate activation were synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method with ferrocene and carbon nanofiber as precursors. The catalysts exhibited high catalytic performances for ibuprofen degradation, with stable activity and minimal metal leaking over multiple cycles. Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were identified as the main contributors to ibuprofen degradation, with the possible pathways elucidated through intermediate analysis.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

N-doped biochar from sewage sludge for catalytic peroxydisulfate activation toward sulfadiazine: Efficiency, mechanism, and stability

Xiangyang Pei et al.

Summary: Sewage sludge-derived biochar can effectively remove organic contaminants in the environment and reuse sludge. In this study, urea-doped SBC was used as a catalyst for peroxydisulfate activation to degrade sulfadiazine, a widely used antibiotic. The degradation mechanism involves two pathways: the free radical on the surface of NSBC and the nonradical pathway in the solution, with N doping facilitating electron transfer and O-1(2) generation. A total of 22 degradation products of SD were identified, and 4 possible degradation pathways were proposed, providing insights into the degradation mechanism of organic compounds by carbon-based materials.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Zero-valent iron and biochar composite with high specific surface area via K2FeO4 fabrication enhances sulfadiazine removal by persulfate activation

Dongmei Ma et al.

Summary: ZVI/BC with large SSA fabricated by co-pyrolysis of K2FeO4 and bamboo showed excellent performance in removing environmental contaminants, with stability and recyclability. Factors such as higher temperature, lower pH, and Cl- were beneficial while CO32- and HPO42- had inhibitory effects on pollutant removal efficiency. Both non-radical species (O-1(2)) and radical species contributed to contaminant degradation, with O-1(2) being the most important reactive oxygen species.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Degradation of cephalexin by persulfate activated with magnetic loofah biochar: Performance and mechanism

Haocheng Song et al.

Summary: Antibiotic contamination is a serious environmental concern, and sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes have shown potential for treatment. A magnetic biochar derived from loofah was used to activate persulfate for cephalexin degradation, with the C-OH of the catalyst playing a crucial role. The conversion between Fe3+ and Fe2+ enhanced the degradation by producing SO4 center dot-, indicating broad adaptability and applications of the catalyst.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Tourmaline synergized with persulfate for degradation of sulfadiazine: Influencing parameters and reaction mechanism

Bihui Niu et al.

Summary: Tourmaline (TM) was used as a catalyst to activate ammonium persulfate (APS) for the synergistic degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ), achieving an optimized degradation efficiency of 70.80% at pH = 3.0 in the TM-APS system. The system showed good reusability with over 80% degradation efficiency after being reused four times. Results indicated that TM could assist APS to produce hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals for SDZ degradation. The TM-APS system has potential application for degradable removal of SDZ in water at room temperature.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of pentachlorophenol on Pd-supported magnetic biochar particle electrodes

Ying Wang et al.

Summary: A novel Pd/CuFe2O4/peanut shell-derived biochar (Pd/M-PSBC) particle electrode was developed for efficient electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP), showing excellent performance and stability. Under optimal experimental conditions, the removal efficiency and dechlorination efficiency of PCP reached 99.0% and 93.1% respectively, with reduced toxicities confirmed through a toxicity assessment.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Insight into the roles of endogenous minerals in the activation of persulfate by graphitized biochar for tetracycline removal

Runyuan Zhang et al.

Summary: The study showed that the natural endogenous minerals in biochar can promote the formation of porous and defective structures, increase carbonization and graphitization degree, and exhibit higher catalytic efficiency in the activation of persulfate for tetracycline degradation.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Fe3O4@CNT as a high-effective and steady chainmail catalyst for tetracycline degradation with peroxydisulfate activation: Performance and mechanism

Biming Liu et al.

Summary: In this study, Fe3O4 NPs were confined in multi-walled CNTs to prepare Fe3O4@CNT magnetic nanocomposite, which showed high efficiency in degrading tetracycline (TL) in aqueous solution by activating peroxydisulfate (PDS). The stable carbon-layer structure protected the Fe3O4 NPs inside the chainmail, leading to consistent TL degradation efficiency and minimal leaching of Fe ions during multiple cycles. The electron transfer from Fe3O4 NPs to the carbon layer motivated the catalytic activity of the carbon surface, providing an innovative approach for environmental remediation in nano-water applications.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Enhancement of the electro-activated persulfate process in dye removal using graphene oxide nanoparticle

Bita Ayati et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that using graphene oxide nanoparticles as a current accelerator can effectively enhance the speed of Acid Blue 25 removal from aqueous solutions using persulfate oxidation, especially achieving removal rates of over 95% under certain conditions.

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Transition Metal Oxide Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review of Recent Developments

Ruibin Liang et al.

Summary: This article introduces six typical transition metal oxides (TMOs) for supercapacitor electrodes, discusses the problems and solutions in practical application, summarizes the latest developments of these TMOs, and provides recommendations for the future of supercapacitors.

NANOMATERIALS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Dual roles of biochar redox property in mediating 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation in the presence of Fe3+ and persulfate

Liang Zeng et al.

Summary: Recent studies show that biochars play a crucial role in mediating the degradation of organic contaminants and can amplify the degradation in a Fenton-like reaction with Fe3+ and persulfate. Different properties of biochars have varying effects on the removal of 2,4-DCP, with the combination of persulfate and Fe3+ significantly promoting the degradation of the contaminant. The direct electron transfer between biochars and 2,4-DCP also contributes significantly to the degradation process.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Greywater biodegradability and biological treatment technologies: A critical review

Mostafa Khalil et al.

Summary: Treatment of greywater is crucial in reducing global water scarcity, with biological methods commonly used; however, the presence of surfactants and nutrient deficiency in some greywaters can hinder biodegradability. Different greywater sources require specific treatment technologies based on their characteristics, with careful consideration of the effects of surfactants on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2021)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Three-dimensional particle electrode system treatment of organic wastewater: A general review based on patents

Hongtao Li et al.

Summary: Three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalytic oxidation technology is an effective method for treating organic wastewater, with great development prospects. Research has shown that reactor structure, electrode materials, main process parameters, and energy consumption play a significant role in the efficiency of degradation. However, there are still some challenges in this field that need to be addressed.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Landfill leachate treatment by persulphate related advanced oxidation technologies

Guanyi Chen et al.

Summary: Persulfate (PS) oxidation technology has been widely used in the purification of landfill leachate, with advantages such as fast reaction speed, nonselectivity to target pollutants, and thorough oxidation.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of 2,4-DCP using persulfate and iron/E-carbon micro-electrolysis coupling system

Yongsong Ma et al.

Summary: Carbon dioxide was converted to electrolytic carbon by molten salt electrochemical conversion to prepare an iron-carbon composite for persulfate activation and organic pollutant degradation. The removal efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol reached 97.8% with a reaction stoichiometric efficiency of 23.07%, and analysis revealed the active species in the system.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Development of a novel pyrite/biochar composite (BM-FeS2@BC) by ball milling for aqueous Cr(VI) removal and its mechanisms

Jingchun Tang et al.

Summary: The FeS2@BC composite synthesized by ball milling technology showed enhanced removal capacity for Cr(VI), mainly through reduction, adsorption, and surface complexation mechanisms.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Ball milling biochar iron oxide composites for the removal of chromium (Cr (VI)) from water: Performance and mechanisms

Haowen Zou et al.

Summary: A novel biochar/iron oxide composite was successfully prepared by ball milling iron-laden biochar, showing fast kinetics and large adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) removal. The composite performed well under acidic pH conditions, but the presence of competition ions inhibited the removal efficiency.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Activation of persulfate by green nano-zero-valent iron-loaded biochar for the removal of p-nitrophenol: Performance, mechanism and variables effects

Bo Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, green nano zero-valent iron biochar was prepared using green synthesis method with green tea extraction solution as reducing agent and green tea residues as raw material. This material showed improved dispersibility of Fe0, prevented agglomeration, and promoted PNP degradation. The system had high oxidation resistance, effective catalytic degradation pathways, and good removal effect on PNP.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

The pH-dependent degradation of sulfadiazine using natural siderite activating PDS: The role of singlet oxygen

Fuwei Sun et al.

Summary: In this study, naturally occurring siderite was utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxodisulfate for the degradation of sulfadiazine under different initial pH values. Various reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to be present during the degradation process, with O-1(2) playing a significant role in facilitating the initial degradation rate. Factors such as initial pH values, siderite dosage, and PDS concentration were discussed, and the comprehensive degradation process was proposed based on LC-MS results. Additionally, the recyclability of siderite at a pH of 3 was demonstrated, highlighting the potential for using the siderite/PDS system for the degradation of sulfonamide pollutants.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Porous biochar derived from tea saponin for supercapacitor electrode: Effect of preparation technique

Zheng-Wei Ma et al.

Summary: Porous biochar was successfully prepared from tea saponin using a one-step pyrolysis and chemical activation method, showing excellent electrochemical performance with high specific surface area and pore volume, as well as superior cycling stability and specific capacitance.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Ball-milling synthesis of biochar and biochar-based nanocomposites and prospects for removal of emerging contaminants: A review

Sefiu Olaitan Amusat et al.

Summary: Ball milling with nanoparticles is an emerging cost-effective method for producing nanocomposites with enhanced surface characteristics for adsorption of contaminants. This method improves the physicochemical properties of biochar, enhancing its sorption abilities for a wide range of chemicals.

JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Nanocomposite polymeric membrane a new trend of water and wastewater treatment: A short review

Santanu Sarkar et al.

Summary: This article discusses the application of nanocomposite membranes in water and wastewater treatment, aiming to eliminate limitations in traditional membrane treatment processes, improve membrane performance, and effectiveness through surface modification and the selection of different types of nanoparticles.

GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Review of organic and inorganic pollutants removal by biochar and biochar-based composites

Liping Liang et al.

Summary: This article reviewed the application of biochar (BC) and BC-based composite materials in water treatment, including preparation methods, properties, pollutant removal efficiency, and adsorption mechanisms. BC and BC-based composite materials show good performance in removing inorganic and organic pollutants, but also face potential risks such as stability and biological toxicity.

BIOCHAR (2021)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Biomass-derived porous carbons as supercapacitor electrodes - A review

Majid Shaker et al.

Summary: Electrochemical capacitors, or supercapacitors, have become increasingly important in electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years. Activated carbons, especially those prepared from biomass precursors, show excellent performance as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

NEW CARBON MATERIALS (2021)

Review Biophysics

Sulfonamide drugs: structure, antibacterial property, toxicity, and biophysical interactions

Aben Ovung et al.

Summary: Sulfonamide drugs have various pharmacological activities and can be used to treat a variety of diseases, such as sulfamethazine for bacterial infections in veterinary medicine and sulfadiazine for treating toxoplasmosis in livestock.

BIOPHYSICAL REVIEWS (2021)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

The promotion effect of biochar on electrochemical degradation of nitrobenzene

Qiang Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron as an efficient catalyst for organic degradation in groundwater

Zhe Li et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Presence of veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure in two Southeastern Europe countries, Albania and Kosovo

Dritan Topi et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2020)

Article Agricultural Engineering

Waste-derived biochar: Applications and future perspective in microbial fuel cells

Indrajit Chakraborty et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Removal of acetaminophen in the Fe2+/persulfate system: Kinetic model and degradation pathways

Songlin Wang et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of chloramphenicol using Ti-Sb/attapulgite ceramsite particle electrodes

Yongjun Sun et al.

WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Ball-milled biochar for alternative carbon electrode

Honghong Lyu et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2019)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for organic-contaminated soil remediation: A review

Zhou Zhou et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Persulfate activation with sawdust biochar in aqueous solution by enhanced electron donor-transfer effect

Juan He et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Electrocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline by Bi-Sn-Sb/γ-Al2O3 three-dimensional particle electrode

Wenquan Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Enhanced degradation of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole by electrochemical activation of PDS using carbon anodes

Haoran Song et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2018)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of chloramphenicol using a combination system of simulated solar light, Fe2+ and persulfate

Minghua Nie et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2018)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Understanding Electrochemically Activated Persulfate and Its Application to Ciprofloxacin Abatement

Laura W. Matzek et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by electro-activated persulfate oxidation

Jialu Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Environmental Sciences

Enhanced Cr(VI) removal from acidic solutions using biochar modified by Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 particles

Shunquan Shi et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2018)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Graphene- and CNTs-based carbocatalysts in persulfates activation: Material design and catalytic mechanisms

Xiao Chen et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid electron transfer by the carbon matrix in natural pyrogenic carbon

Tianran Sun et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Applications of biochar in redox-mediated reactions

Yong Yuan et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Biochar based removal of antibiotic sulfonamides and tetracyclines in aquatic environments: A critical review

Chathuri Peiris et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Oxidative degradation of benzoic acid using Fe0 - and sulfidized Fe0-activated persulfate: A comparative study

Manoj P. Rayaroth et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2017)

Article Polymer Science

Influence of particle size and particle loading on mechanical and dielectric properties of biochar particulate-reinforced polymer nanocomposites

S. Richard et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION (2016)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Mineralization of dinitrotoluenes in industrial wastewater by electro-activated persulfate oxidation

Wen-Shing Chen et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2014)

Article Thermodynamics

Release and transformation of alkali metals during co-combustion of coal and sulfur-rich wheat straw

Rundong Li et al.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2014)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of C. I. Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution by a novel electro/Fe3O4/PDS process

Heng Lin et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2014)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Activation of Persulfate by Quinones: Free Radical Reactions and Implication for the Degradation of PCBs

Guodong Fang et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Investigation into adsorption mechanisms of sulfonamides onto porous adsorbents

Weiben Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Adsorption of Sulfonamide Antibiotics to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Liangliang Ji et al.

LANGMUIR (2009)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate and sulfate radical attack on phenolic compounds. Implications of chloride ions

GP Anipsitakis et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2006)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Photosensitizer method to determine rate constants for the reaction of carbonate radical with organic compounds

S Canonica et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2005)