Journal
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
Volume 135, Issue 22, Pages 2667-2676Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002479
Keywords
Antiviral immune response; Functional HIV cure; HIV reservoir; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immune interventions
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81974303, 82072271]
- High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission [2022-1-007, 2022-2-018]
- Climbing the peak (Dengfeng) Talent Training Program of Beijing Hospitals Authority [DFL20191701]
- Beijing Health Technologies Promotion Program [BHTPP2020]
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research [BZ0089]
- ANRS (Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hepatites virales)
- Investissements d'Avenir program [681032]
- EHVA (Horizon 2020)
- [ANR-10-LABX-77]
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Antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling HIV replication, but cannot eliminate the virus completely. Innate and adaptive immune responses play a role in preventing HIV acquisition and controlling viral replication, but they are often insufficient to clear the infection. Optimizing immune responses and developing innovative strategies to eliminate HIV reservoirs are important for achieving a functional cure for HIV infection.
Antiretroviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is effective in controlling viral replication but cannot completely eliminate HIV due to the persistence of the HIV reservoir. Innate and adaptive immune responses have been proposed to contribute to preventing HIV acquisition, controlling HIV replication and eliminating HIV-infected cells. However, the immune responses naturally induced in HIV-infected individuals rarely eradicate HIV infection, which may be caused by immune escape, an inadequate magnitude and breadth of immune responses, and immune exhaustion. Optimizing these immune responses may solve the problems of epitope escape and insufficient sustained memory responses. Moreover, immune interventions aimed at improving host immune response can reduce HIV reservoirs, which have become one focus in the development of innovative strategies to eliminate HIV reservoirs. In this review, we focus on the immune response against HIV and how antiviral immune responses affect HIV reservoirs. We also discuss the development of innovative strategies aiming to eliminate HIV reservoirs and promoting functional cure of HIV infection.
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