Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
Volume 4, Issue 22, Pages 4905-4911Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6tc01430e
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21505104]
- Science Foundation of Northwest University [338020013]
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We report the red but weak upconversion luminescence of core-shell-shell structured upconversion nanocrystals (NaYF4:Yb/Ho/Ce@NaYF4:Nd@NaYF4) under excitation at 808 nm due to high surface Ce3+ concentration in core nanocrystals hindering the energy transfer from the Nd3+ shell to the Yb3+ core. 10.2-fold upconversion luminescence enhancement was achieved by conquering the negative effects of non-uniform Ce3+ distribution phenomena on upconversion processes via intercalating NaYF4:Yb/Ho/Ce, designed as the shell, into the Nd3+ sensitized nanostructure (NaYF4:Nd@NaYF4:Yb/Ho/Ce@NaYF4: Nd@NaYF4:Yb/Ho/Ce@NaYF4). The intercalation nanostructured upconversion nanocrystals show intense red upconversion luminescence with a red-to-green ratio of 5.0. Bright red upconversion luminescence of the Ce3+ doped intercalation nanostructured upconversion nanocrystals embedded in biological tissues can be visualized even at a depth of 5 mm illuminated by 808 nm laser light. High efficiency 808 nm driven red-emitting upconversion nanocrystals are promising for bio-applications.
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