Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 4, Issue 14, Pages 5032-5038Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6ta00391e
Keywords
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Funding
- Cluster of Excellence Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM)
- Energy Campus Nuremberg (EnCN, Solarfactory)
- Synthetic Carbon Allotropes project [GRK 1896, SFB 953]
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) at the University of Erlangen Nuremberg
- German Research Foundation (DFG) within the framework of its Excellence Initiative
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
- Solar Technologies go Hybrid (Sol-Tech) project from the Bavarian Ministry of Science
- Joint Projects of the Helmholtz Institute Erlangen Nurnberg for Renewable Energy Production (HI-ERN) from the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media
- Energy and Technology. Nanograde
- SCUT
- NSF
- MOST of China [2014CB643500, 2014ZG0009, 51173051, U1301243, 91333206, 201101C0105067115]
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We successfully demonstrate a simple approach to printing efficient, inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) with a self-organized charge selective cathode interface layer based on the small-molecule Phen-NaDPO. Different from previous studies, Phen-NaDPO molecules were blended into a polymer/fullerene blend, comprising a low bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole-quinquethiophene alternating copolymer pDPP5T-2 and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), and processed by doctor blading in air. We observed a spontaneous, surface energy driven migration of Phen-NaDPO towards the ZnO interface and a subsequent formation of electron selective and barrier free extraction contacts. In the presence of 0.5wt% Phen-NaDPO, a PCE of 5.4% was achieved for the inverted device based on an ITO/ZnO cathode. Notably, the photovoltaic performances remained at the same level with increasing the Phen-NaDPO concentration in the active layer from 0.25 to 1wt%. Furthermore, this approach could be proven to effectively work with other cathodes such as bare ITO and ITO/AZO. The self-organization of Phen-NaDPO through spontaneous vertical phase separation is mainly attributed to its high surface energy and strong interaction with the cathode material. The present results highlight that a self-organized cathode interfacial material processed from a ternary active layer is fully compatible with the requirements for roll-to-roll fabrication of inverted organic solar cells.
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