Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 4, Issue 42, Pages 16597-16605Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6ta06404c
Keywords
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1410169]
- NEUP grant from the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy
- Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF) [NNCI-1542205]
- MRSEC program (NSF) at the Materials Research Center [DMR-1121262]
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN)
- Keck Foundation
- State of Illinois, through the IIN
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1410169] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Hg2+, As3+ and Pb2+) are an important contributor to the contamination of groundwater and other water bodies in and around industrial areas. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid and efficient capacity of a layered metal sulfide material, K2xSn4-xS8-x (x = 0.65-1, KTS-3) for heavy metal ion removal from water. The effect of concentration, pH, kinetics, and competitive ions such as Na+/Ca2+ on the heavy metal ion removal capacity of KTS-3 was systematically investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analyses, and powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the heavy metal ion-exchange of KTS-3 is complete (quantitative replacement of all potassium ions) and topotactic. The heavy metal ion-exchange by using KTS-3 follows the Langmuir-Freundlich model with high exchange capacities, q(m) 205(17) mg g(-1) for Cd2+, 372(21) mg g(-1) for Hg2+ and 391(89) mg g(-1) for Pb2+. KTS-3 retains excellent heavy metal ion-exchange capacity even in very high concentration (1 M) of competing ions (Na+/Ca2+) and also over a broad pH range (2-12). KTS-3 also exhibits very good ion-exchange capacity for precious Ag+ and toxic As3+ ions. The kinetics of heavy metal ion adsorption by KTS-3 are rapid (absorbs all ions within a few minutes). These properties and the environmentally friendly character of KTS-3 make it a promising candidate for sequestration of heavy metal ions from water.
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