Economic efficiency of higher education institutions in Vietnam between 2012 and 2016: a DEA analysis

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the economic efficiency of Vietnamese 172 higher education (HE) institutions within the 2012-2016 inclusive period through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The authors also compare public and private, multidisciplinary and mono-disciplinary, non-autonomy and autonomy, non-international and international HE Institutions' efficiency. Design/methodology/approach - This study derived from an unique dataset from the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) of Vietnam. The data set comprises financial and academic annual reports of higher education institutions (HEIs). The authors achieved totally 204 Vietnamese HEIs, and the sample for analysis is 172 after the elimination of missing units, accounting for 84.3% entire of Vietnamese HEIs. The authors estimate the efficiency scores relying on these selected inputs and outputs by using the DEA method. Findings - Overall, HEIs in Vietnam decreased their operational efficiency during the 2012-2016. It also seems that public universities operate in the absence of market mechanism so that they tend to be less efficient than their counterparts in private sector. Based on our analysis, the authors observe that the HEIs including the international programmes have higher efficiency scores rather than these without international programmes. Originality/value - This study contributes to the theoretical aspects as follows. First, it enriches the existent efficiency literature on HE using the DEA approach. This stands out among similar studies in Vietnam in terms of duration (from 2012-2016) and data size (172 entities). Second, the research is the first to examine HEIs in terms of disciplinary (mono or multi-disciplinary) and autonomy (autonomous and non-autonomous), internalization (international programmes). These aspects have been silent in previous studies of HEIs in Vietnam.

Automated summary

This paper examines the economic efficiency of 172 higher education institutions in Vietnam from 2012 to 2016 using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The study finds that overall operational efficiency of HEIs in Vietnam decreased during this period. It also suggests that public universities tend to be less efficient than private universities due to the absence of market mechanisms. Additionally, the research reveals that HEIs with international programs have higher efficiency scores compared to those without such programs.