Pattern, Forms and Bibliometric Analysis for Systematic Study of Silica-Supported Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalyst for Lannate Insecticide Abatement from Aqueous Stream

Agro-industrial streams with high toxic loadings must undergo for treatment prior to final disposal. Thus, the current investigation aimed to apply cheap and naturally available materials to explore sustainable heterogeneous solar/Fenton reaction for insecticide abatement form waste streams. Iron was collected from the wastewater stream after coal industry. The sand pellets were used as iron support material which acts as a heterogeneous solar photo-catalyst like modified Fenton reaction. The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for characterization. System parameters variables were studied using the modified catalysts. Although the acidic pH showed maximal removal efficiency, the catalyst could also work at a wide pH range with a reduced activity. The optimum conditions of the newly synthesized modified Fenton composite showed 103, 45 mg/L for H2O2 and catalyst, respectively, at pH 2.8 within 90 min under solar irradiation for maximal Lannate oxidation reached to 98%. Moreover, the increase in Lannate concentration loading results in a reduction in the removal efficiency from 98 to 96% when the Lannate loading increased from 10 to 50 ppm, although further increase of Lannate (100 ppm) results in only 2% removal. Also, temperature effect was displayed and the high temperature range was unfavorable. The kinetics of Lannate removal was dependent on operation temperature and following the first-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters values settled the system is non-spontaneous in nature, proceeds in endothermic circumstances and working in a low energy barrier (34.54 kJ mol(-1)). Recyclability confirms the sustainability of the catalyst, and the third cycle catalytic use attained 28% Lannate removal.

Automated summary

The study aimed to explore the use of cheap and sustainable solar/Fenton reaction for the removal of insecticides from agro-industrial streams. Iron collected from coal industry wastewater and sand pellets were used to create a modified Fenton catalyst. The catalyst showed optimal performance under acidic conditions and could work at a wide pH range. Temperature and Lannate concentration also affected the efficiency of the reaction.