Journal
JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 7, Issue 9, Pages 1081-1087Publisher
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/jca.14866
Keywords
Exosomes; cancer; immunoregulation; therapeutic intervention
Categories
Funding
- Shanghai Pujiang Program
- Shanghai ShenKang Hospital Development Center for the establishment of early warning and emergency treatment technology for high pathogenic respiratory diseases [SHDC12014104]
- Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Shanghai, China [15DZ2290200]
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Exosomes, as a subset of extracellular vesicles, function as a mode of intercellular communication and molecular transfer, and facilitate the direct extracellular transfer of proteins, lipids, and miRNAs/mRNAs/DNAs between cells. Cancers have adapted exosomes and related microvesicles as a pathway that can suppress the immune system and establish a fertile local and distant environment to support neoplastic growth, invasion, and metastasis; these tumor-derived exosomes affect immunoregulation mechanisms, including immune activation and immune suppression. Immune cell-derived exosomes can modulate the immune response in cancer, which supports the belief that these membranous vesicles are immunotherapeutic reagents. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the cancer immunotherapy, roles of exosomes in cancer, immunoregulation of tumor-derived exosomes, and immunomodulation by immune cell-derived exosomes. The topics covered here highlight novel insights into the development of efficient exosome-based cancer vaccines for cancer therapeutic intervention.
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