MRI Compared with Low-Dose CT for Incidental Lung Nodule Detection in COPD: A Multicenter Trial

Purpose: To investigate morphofunctional chest MRI for the detection and management of incidental pulmonary nodules in partici-pants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 567 participants (mean age, 66 years +/- 9 [SD]; 340 men) underwent same-day contrast -enhanced MRI and nonenhanced low-dose CT (LDCT) in a nationwide multicenter trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01245933). Nodule dimensions, morphologic features, and Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) category were assessed at MRI by two blinded radiologists, and consensual LDCT results served as the reference standard. Comparisons were performed using the Student t test, and agreements were assessed using the Cohen weighted kappa. ' Results: A total of 525 nodules larger than 3 mm in diameter were detected at LDCT in 178 participants, with a mean diameter of 7.2 mm +/- 6.1 (range, 3.1-63.1 mm). Nodules were not detected in the remaining 389 participants. Sensitivity and positive predictive values with MRI for readers 1 and 2, respectively, were 63.0% and 84.8% and 60.2% and 83.9% for solid nodules (n = 495), 17.6% and 75.0% and 17.6% and 60.0% for part-solid nodules (n = 17), and 7.7% and 100% and 7.7% and 50.0% for ground-glass nod-ules (n = 13). For nodules 6 mm or greater in diameter, sensitivity and positive predictive values were 73.3% and 92.2% for reader 1 and 71.4% and 93.2% for reader 2, respectively. Readers underestimated the long-axis diameter at MRI by 0.5 mm +/- 1.7 (reader 1) and 0.5 mm +/- 1.5 (reader 2) compared with LDCT (P < .001). For Lung-RADS categorization per nodule using MRI, there was substantial to perfect interreader agreement (kappa = 0.75-1.00) and intermethod agreement compared with LDCT (kappa = 0.70-1.00 and 0.69-1.00). Conclusion: In a multicenter setting, morphofunctional MRI showed moderate sensitivity for detection of incidental pulmonary nod-ules in participants with COPD but high agreement with LDCT for Lung-RADS classification of nodules. Clinical trial registration no. NCT01245933 and NCT02629432

Automated summary

This study investigated the use of morphofunctional chest MRI for the detection and management of incidental pulmonary nodules in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The results showed that the sensitivity of this technique in detecting pulmonary nodules was moderate, but it had high agreement with LDCT in terms of Lung-RADS classification.