Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 124-135Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2404892
Keywords
Energy hub modeling; multienergy system (MES); parking lot (PL); plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
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Funding
- FEDER funds (European Union) through COMPETE
- Portuguese funds through FCT [FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-020282, PTDC/EEA-EEL/118519/2010, UID/CEC/50021/2013]
- EU [309048]
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Development of distributed energy resources introduces high level of interdependency and the need for integrated models in a multienergy system (MES). Moreover, highlighting environmental aspects facilitates electrification in the transportation sector and integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). In this paper, aggregation of PEVs' batteries in parking lots (PL) is considered as a bulk electric storage in MES. The energy hub approach is employed for modeling MES considering PL. Due to the profitable behavior of PL in the reserve market, the energy hub model is modified to consider the reserve sources as ancillary services in the output energy vector. Moreover, the uncertain traffic pattern of PEVs' owners in PL is modeled by a stochastic approach. The numerical results demonstrate the proficiency of the proposed model, determining the changes in the behavior of other MESs elements in the presence of PL.
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