Sodium-Bismuth-Titanium glass-ceramic network: A high capacity anode network for Na plus ion storage

This article discusses 95[35Na2O-65Bi2O3]: 5TiO2 (mol%) glass-ceramic anode material system (abbreviated as GC-NBT5.0) in order to overcome major issues with Na-ion battery technology, such as inadequate reversible capacity, rate capability, electrical conductivity, and safety. After heat treatment for different heat treating regimes, the production of intense intermediate domains Na3Bi and Na3Ti results in flexible active centers with which heavier Na+ ions may react very easily for Na+ ion storage in the glass-ceramic anode network. As evaluated at 50mA/g over a longer cycle life of up to 3000 cycles, the GC-NBT5.0-8h glass ceramic anode beats both glass anode and traditional graphite anodes with a specific discharge capacity of 801mAh/g. However, the cell design is still backed by the best electrical conductivity because of the good interfacial contact between the glass-ceramic anode and electrolyte, and the lowest cycle-dependent complex impedance characteristics (Rct and Zw), which guarantee consistent capacity retention and the highest Columbic efficiency over longer cycle durations.

Automated summary

The study demonstrates that the glass-ceramic anode material GC-NBT5.0-8h exhibits excellent reversible capacity and discharge capacity, with sustained capacity retention and high Columbic efficiency over long cycle durations. This is mainly attributed to the good interfacial contact between the GC-NBT5.0-8h anode and electrolyte, as well as the low cycle-dependent complex impedance characteristics.