Extensions of the causal framework to Mendelian randomisation and gene-environment interaction

In our commentary we ask whether we should ultimately endeavour to find the deep causes of behaviours? Then we discuss two extensions of the proposed framework: (1) Mendelian randomisation and (2) hypothesis-free gene-environment interaction (leveraging heterogeneity in genetic associations). These complementary methods help move us towards second-generation causal knowledge, ultimately understanding mechanistic pathways and identifying more effective intervention targets.

Automated summary

This commentary discusses whether we should seek to find the deep causes of behaviors and introduces two methods for further exploration: Mendelian randomization and hypothesis-free gene-environment interaction. These methods contribute to understanding mechanistic pathways and identifying more effective intervention targets.