Related references
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Article
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Jens Blotevogel et al.
Summary: Thermal treatment is the only technology currently available for destroying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastes. However, concerns exist about the emission of incomplete combustion products from incinerators. Researchers used advanced theory to investigate the thermal destruction pathways and mechanisms of PFAS, and ranked them based on thermal stability. The results showed that PFAS can be effectively destroyed at temperatures lower than other commonly incinerated organic compounds. Rating: 8/10.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
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Sanny Verma et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals containing carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds, which have been widely used in various industrial and consumer products. PFAS pollution is a global concern due to their omnipresence in the environment and adverse health effects. Effective treatment technologies are needed for the removal and degradation of PFAS from water sources.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chuhui Zhang et al.
Summary: This study investigated the stability of PFASs, including PFEAs, in different solvents. The results showed that PFEAs degraded in polar aprotic solvents, with degradation rate increasing with temperature and decreasing water-to-organic solvent ratio. Monoethers with a carboxylic acid functional group adjacent to a tertiary carbon degraded more rapidly than those adjacent to repeating-CF2O-groups. On the other hand, monoethers adjacent to a secondary carbon were stable in all tested solvents. High-resolution mass spectrometry revealed the stoichiometric decarboxylation of PFEAs in aprotic solvents, forming products with modified functional groups.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Shui Cheung Edgar Leung et al.
Summary: This review article focuses on the degradation methods for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Various technologies, such as bioremediation, electrocoagulation, foam fractionation, sonolysis, photocatalysis, mechanochemical, and electrochemical degradation, have been developed and studied in recent years to address the PFAS crisis. However, challenges remain in terms of large-scale operation complexity and the release of toxic byproducts.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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Review
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Tim Sidnell et al.
Summary: This paper summarizes the latest progress in PFAS sonolysis technology, including reaction mechanisms, kinetics, intermediates, products, and measurement techniques. The study found that the mechanisms of mid-high frequency sonolysis are similar, while the mechanisms of low frequency sonolysis are related to oxidative species. Stoichiometric reaction equations were derived for PFOA and PFOS sonolysis, and fluorinated intermediate products were derived for different PFAS. The study also revealed the concentration range for the transition of PFOA/S kinetics and derived optimum values for ultrasonic frequency, concentration, temperature, and pH range.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
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Junli Wang et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a type of fluorinated organic chemicals that pose environmental and human health risks. Efficient and cost-effective treatment solutions are needed for remediation of PFAS contamination and waste streams with high concentrations of PFASs. Conventional and physical separation processes are not effective in defluorinating PFASs, and the degradation mechanisms and pathways of thermal treatment processes remain unclear. This review critically evaluates the thermal decomposition mechanisms, pathways, and byproducts of PFASs to improve the understanding and application of thermal treatment as an end-of-life process for PFAS destruction.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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Article
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Sohag Biswas et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic contaminants found in drinking water and consumer products. In this study, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the degradation of PFASs using hydrated electrons. The results show that the mechanism of PFAS degradation with hydrated electrons is different from that with excess electrons/charges, which has been commonly used in previous computational studies. The activation barriers for PFAS degradation are relatively low, but diffusion-limited.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Asa J. Lewis et al.
Summary: PFAS are a diverse set of chemicals that accumulate in freshwater aquatic ecosystems, with their bioaccumulation influenced by various factors including compound characteristics and environmental factors. Studies have shown that PFAS concentration, dissolved organic matter, sediment organic matter, and biotransformation of precursor PFAS have significant impacts on bioaccumulation metrics. Future research should provide more detailed information to fill data gaps and improve understanding of PFAS in aquatic ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Justin P. Wiens et al.
Summary: This study investigates the reactivities of three perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in a thermal plasma, revealing their electron attachment and dissociative reactions. The results also indicate their rapid attachment and decomposition with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, supporting a previously proposed degradation mechanism.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Fuqiang Liu et al.
Summary: This review systematically reviews recent advances in using photo-oxidation and photo-reduction for the abatement of PFAS in water, highlighting innovative heterogeneous photocatalysts and photolysis systems. Photodegradation mechanisms of alternative compounds are critically evaluated. The paper identifies knowledge gaps and challenges in the scalability and adaptability of photocatalysis for natural water treatment and discusses the development made in photocatalysts design and system optimization for sustainable treatment of PFAS-contaminated water through photodegradation technologies.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Brian D. Etz et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the high-temperature degradation of a truncated trimethylsiloxane (TriSil-1n) surfactant and found that the degradation products of TriSil-1n are relatively less harmful to the environment compared to PFAS incineration/combustion products from previous research, supporting the replacement of PFAS with TriSil surfactants.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Glen R. Jenness et al.
Summary: This study investigates the hydrodefluorination mechanism using silylium-carborane salts for the degradation of PFAS. The findings suggest that the degradation process involves cationic and hydridic silylium to facilitate defluorination and hydride-addition events. The role of carborane is to weaken the C-F bond by partially occupying the unoccupied anti-bonding orbitals.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brittany Trang et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are harmful pollutants that can be mineralized through a sodium hydroxide-mediated defluorination pathway. The degradation process involves the production of reactive perfluoroalkyl ion intermediates, leading to the formation of fluoride ions.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Jhimli Paul Guin et al.
Summary: Poly- and perfluoroalkyls (PFAs) are serious threats to the environment due to their persistence and long-range spreading. Visible-light induced degradation using photocatalysts shows promising results for remediation of PFAs, but there are challenges in upscaling it for practical applications. This Review critically analyzes recent advancements in photocatalytic remediation of aqueous PFAs under visible light irradiation and suggests future directions for practical applications.
ACS ENGINEERING AU
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Suzanne E. Fenton et al.
Summary: Reports on the impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the environment and human health have increased substantially in peer-reviewed literature. Epidemiological studies have shown associations between exposure to specific PFAS and various health effects, and further research is needed to understand differences in responses between sexes, species, and life stages. More contemporary approaches such as read-across, molecular dynamics, and protein modeling are proposed to accelerate the development of toxicity information on PFAS, as well as the need for precaution to protect human health given the known effects of certain PFAS compounds.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lauren P. Turner et al.
Summary: PFAS are manmade fluorinated organic chemicals identified as persistent organic pollutants, with surface active properties suitable for oil- and water-resistant products and firefighting foams. Studies show that PFOS and PFOA can be effectively degraded by mechanochemical treatment with the use of co-milling reagents and adjustments in water saturation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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Mohammednoor Altarawneh
Summary: The study investigates the thermal decomposition of perfluorinated sulfonic acids, constructing a detailed kinetic model to illustrate the major chemical reactions involved. Results indicate that major reactions include unimolecular decomposition channels, hydrofluorination, hydrolysis, and fragmentation of the alkyl chain. The model aids in understanding the fate and chemical transformation of PFCs under a pyrolytic environment relevant to waste incineration and fluorine mineralization.
Review
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Amila O. De Silva et al.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
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Esmaeil Shahsavari et al.
Summary: This review examined the current challenge and status of bioremediation of PFAs in soils, highlighting the potential of biodegradation as a cost-effective and large-scale strategy, although limited information is available regarding the mechanisms of PFAS degradation. New technologies in microbial ecology have the potential to advance our understanding of PFAS biodegradation and support the development of robust bioremediation technologies.
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Engineering, Environmental
Shilai Hao et al.
Summary: The study investigated the hydrothermal alkaline treatment of PFASs in AFFFs, demonstrating rapid degradation of most PFASs, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids and precursors, when treated with an alkali at near-critical temperature and pressure. The findings suggest significant potential for the application of hydrothermal treatment technologies in managing PFAS waste streams.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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Muhammad Umar
Summary: This article reviews UV-based oxidative and reductive studies for the degradation of PFAS, with a critical evaluation of lab-scale processes and consideration of factors influencing degradation and reaction mechanisms.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Dushanthi M. Wanninayake
Summary: The remediation of PFASs in the environment is challenging due to limitations in field applications of existing techniques and the unique physiochemical characteristics of various PFASs. Advanced techniques such as electrochemical, sonochemical, AOPs, plasma, and novel hybrid techniques show promise for PFAS removal, but more research is needed to optimize their effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
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Raj Kamal Singh et al.
Summary: Using a bench-scale plasma reactor, PFAS in landfill leachate samples were effectively degraded, with PFOS and PFOA removed below USEPA's health advisory concentration levels in a short time. Long-chain PFAAs were removed by over 99.9% and short-chain PFAAs by 10-99.9%, demonstrating high removal efficiency.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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Asa E. Carre-Burritt et al.
Summary: Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are widespread contaminants known for their resistance to degradation and harmful effects on the environment. Using activated persulfate to degrade PFCAs may be influenced by the acidic environment.
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Summary: PFAS substances are among the most critical emerging contaminants, correlated with health issues. Research efforts are focused on developing new technologies to mitigate water contamination problems, with interesting prospects shown by photocatalytic materials active under near UV-visible radiation.
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