Journal
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00055
Keywords
integrative and conjugative elements; antimicrobial resistance; horizontal gene transfer; ICESa2603 family; erm(B); tet(O); Streptococcus suis; Streptococcus agalactiae
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31572567]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China [BK2012771]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
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Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the ICESa2603 family have been isolated from several species of Streptococcus spp.; however, the comparative genomic and evolutionary analyses of these particular ICEs are currently only at their initial stages. By investigating 13 ICEs of the ICESa2603 family and two ICESa2603 family-like ICEs derived from diverse hosts and locations, we have determined that ICEs comprised a backbone of 30 identical syntenic core genes and accessory genes that were restricted to the intergenic sites or the 3'-end of the non-conserved domain of core genes to maintain its function. ICESa2603 family integrase Int ICESa 2603 specifically recognized a 15-bp att sequence (TTATTTAAGAGTAAC) at the 3'-end of rpIL, which was highly conserved in genus Streptococcus. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that extensive recombination/insertion and the occurrence of a hybrid/mosaic in the ICESa2603 family were responsible for the significant increase in ICE diversity, thereby broadening its host range. Approximately 42.5 and 38.1% of the tested Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus agalactiae clinical isolates respectively contained ICESa2603 family Type IV secretion system (T4SS) genes, and 80.5 and 62.5% of which also respectively carried nt-ICESa 2603, indicating that ICESa2603 family is widely distributed across these bacteria. Sequencing and conjugation transfer of a novel sequence type ST303 clinical S. suis isolate HB1011 demonstrated that the 89K-subtype ICESsuHB1011 retained its transferrable function, thereby conferring tetracycline and macrolide resistance.
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