Journal
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
Volume 130, Issue -, Pages 292-298Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.028
Keywords
Photodynamic therapy; Visible light photokilling effect; Phthalocyanine; Titanium dioxide; Photosensitizer; Reactive oxygen species
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61008055]
- Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pujiang Program [13PJ1400300]
- Talents Training Program (Zhuo-Xue) of Fudan University
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As a second-generation photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer, aluminum phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonate (Pc) has gained great attention due to its high absorption at the red light region. Yet, its application in PDT is strongly limited by its low cellular uptake efficiency. In this report, nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (N-TiO2) conjugated with Pc are synthesized by a two-step surface modification method. The N-TiO2-Pc products are characterized by Zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, cytotoxicity and the photokilling effect of the nanoparticles are studied on different cancer cell lines. Compared with Pc, the absorption spectrum of N-TiO2-Pc expands from red to UV region, resulting in a higher production of reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation. In addition, the cellular uptake of Pc is largely improved by its carrier N-TiO2. The photokilling efficiency of N-TiO2-Pc is over ten times higher than that of Pc. The results suggest that N-TiO2-Pc is an excellent candidate as a photosensitizer in PDT. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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