Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Brain Proteome-Wide and Transcriptome-Wide Asso-ciation Studies, Bayesian Colocalization, and Mendelian Randomization Analyses Reveal Causal Genes of Parkinson's Disease

Siquan Zhou et al.

Summary: By investigating the effects on brain proteins, GPNMB and CD38 were identified as potentially causal genes for Parkinson's disease, with implications for therapeutic investigations.

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of astrocyte regulators by nucleic acid cytometry

Iain C. C. Clark et al.

Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Astrocytes, as heterogeneous glial cells, play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. However, the lack of unique surface markers for astrocyte subsets hinders their analysis and the identification of therapeutic targets.

NATURE (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chronic Stress Impairs the Structure and Function of Astrocyte Networks in an Animal Model of Depression

Sydney Aten et al.

Summary: Research suggests that chronic stress can alter the morphology and network function of astrocytes, which may contribute to the development of major depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2023)

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Review Physiology

Radial stem astrocytes (aka neural stem cells): Identity, development, physio-pathology, and therapeutic potential

Chia-Yu Yeh et al.

Summary: Adult neurogenesis is an important process that contributes to adaptive network remodelling in the brain. This review focuses on the cellular characteristics and roles of radial astrocytes (RSA) and parenchymal astrocytes in adult neurogenesis in different brain regions. The potential therapeutic applications of RSA and astrocytes in cell replacement and regeneration strategies are also discussed.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Retraction of Astrocyte Leaflets From the Synapse Enhances Fear Memory

Aina Badia-Soteras et al.

Summary: The formation and retrieval of fear memories depend on the synaptic activity of neuronal ensembles in the hippocampus, and astrocytes play a central role in shaping cellular memory representations. Astrocyte leaflets fine-tune synaptic activity by clearing neurotransmitters and limiting glutamate diffusion. The withdrawal of astrocyte leaflets from the synaptic cleft is an experience-induced process that gates the strength of fear memories.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Organizing principles of astrocytic nanoarchitecture in the mouse cerebral cortex

Christopher K. Salmon et al.

Summary: This study quantitatively investigated the complex architecture of astrocytes using high-resolution datasets and computer vision methods. Specific anatomical units, structural patterns, connectivity hubs, and hierarchical organizations of astrocytes were identified. Additionally, the study found that astrocytes interact with discrete clusters of synapses and that astrocytic mitochondria are located closer to larger clusters of synapses.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Is microglial dystrophy a form of cellular senescence? An analysis of senescence markers in the aged human brain

Pauline Neumann et al.

Summary: Cellular senescence is a common phenomenon in aging, but dystrophic microglial cells do not express conventional senescence markers associated with oxidative stress. Ferritin expression is the dominant change related to microglial aging.

GLIA (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astrocyte Responses to Complement Peptide C3a are Highly Context-Dependent

Marcela Pekna et al.

Summary: This study found that the effects of complement peptide C3a on astrocytes depend highly on their reactive state. After ischemia, C3a down-regulated the expression of Gfap, C3, and Nes in astrocytes. Furthermore, C3a increased the expression of Tnf and Il1b in naive astrocytes and the expression of Nes in astrocytes exposed to LPS.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Astrocyte-neuron subproteomes and obsessive-compulsive disorder mechanisms

Joselyn S. Soto et al.

Summary: This study used cell-specific and subcompartment-specific proximity-dependent biotinylation to investigate the proteomes of astrocytes and neurons in the striatum. The results showed differences in protein level and signalling pathways between these cells. Furthermore, the study revealed the variation of subproteomes in different subcellular compartments of astrocytes and identified the molecular basis of their signaling and homeostatic functions. These findings provide valuable insights into the interaction between astrocytes and neurons and their contributions to neurophysiology and pathology.

NATURE (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes promote disease progression in epilepsy

Zhang-Peng Chen et al.

Summary: Chen et al. have identified a new subtype of reactive astrocyte, called lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes (LARAs), which are formed by APOE-mediated lipid accumulation in individuals with epilepsy and mouse models. These LARAs aggravate seizure symptoms and could be potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Adrenergic regulation of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism: Towards a noradrenergic hypothesis of neurodegeneration

Robert Zorec et al.

Summary: Ageing is a major factor in the development of cognitive decline and dementia. The cholinergic hypothesis has long been considered the main cause of cognitive decline, but recent evidence suggests that an impaired noradrenergic system may also play a role in Alzheimer's disease. The review focuses on the role of astrocytes in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, as well as the noradrenergic control of astroglial function.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Astrocytic chloride is brain state dependent and modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in mice

Verena Untiet et al.

Summary: Information transfer within neuronal circuits depends on the balance and recurrent activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, act as a dynamic Cl- reservoir regulating Cl- homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Intracellular chloride concentration in astrocytes is higher and more stable during sleep, while it is lower and fluctuates in response to sensory input and motor activity during wakefulness. Efflux of Cl- from astrocytes supports inhibitory transmission in the CNS.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Plasticity of perisynaptic astroglia during ischemia-induced spreading depolarization

Ioulia Fomitcheva et al.

Summary: Research findings suggest that astroglial cells have a high ability to clear glutamate and potassium, aiding in the recovery of ion homeostasis disturbance caused by spreading depolarization during stroke. During the recovery period, larger synapses attract astroglial processes to their perimeter, limiting the leakage of extracellular glutamate and enhancing the astrocytic ability to protect synapses.

CEREBRAL CORTEX (2023)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Atrophic astrocytes in aged marmosets present tau hyperphosphorylation, RNA oxidation, and DNA fragmentation

Juan D. Rodriguez-Callejas et al.

Summary: Astrocytes in the aging brains of non-human primates can undergo morphological changes, characterized by reduced branch points and shorter processes, with detrimental effects on neuronal cells.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING (2023)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Astroglial toxicity promotes synaptic degeneration in the thalamocortical circuit in frontotemporal dementia with GRN mutations

Elise Marsan et al.

Summary: Mutations in the GRN gene are a major cause of FTLD. Comparative single-cell transcriptomics in mice and FTLD-GRN patients revealed a conserved astroglial pathology characterized by upregulated GJA1, AQP4, and APOE, and downregulated SLC1A2, leading to synaptic degeneration. This astroglial toxicity was confirmed in cell cultures and cortical organoids, suggesting its potential role in neurodegeneration in FTLD-GRN.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

APOE4 derived from astrocytes leads to blood-brain barrier impairment

Rosemary J. Jackson et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that APOE4 leads to a leaky blood-brain barrier, and astrocyte-produced APOE4, through its interaction with blood vessels, is a crucial regulator of blood-brain barrier integrity.

BRAIN (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Phagocytic astrocytes: Emerging from the shadows of microglia

Hiroyuki Konishi et al.

Summary: This study discusses the role and consequences of astrocytic phagocytosis, focusing on its differences from microglial phagocytosis and how these two phagocytic systems cooperate.

GLIA (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B prevents reactive astrogliosis and scar formation in stab wound injury model

Heejung Chun et al.

Summary: The study revealed the significant role of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the hypertrophy and scar formation of reactive astrocytes. Genetic removal of MAO-B reduced astrocyte hypertrophy and GABA production, while overexpression of MAO-B enhanced GFAP and GABA levels. Inhibiting MAO-B activity could potentially prevent astrogliosis and scar formation under brain injury.

GLIA (2022)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

How expensive is the astrocyte?

L. F. Barros

Summary: Previously, it was believed that the energy cost of information processing was mainly attributed to neurons, with a minor fraction allocated to glial cells. However, there is compelling evidence that astrocytes also contribute significantly to this energy cost as they actively capture synaptic K+ using their Na+/K+ ATPase. This finding challenges the previous belief that astrocytes solely rely on Kir4.1 channels for K+ uptake. The implications of this discovery for reactive astrogliosis and brain diseases are discussed.

JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Human Astrocytes Exhibit Tumor Microenvironment-, Age-, and Sex-Related Transcriptomic Signatures

Mitchell C. Krawczyk et al.

Summary: This study investigates the dynamic changes in astrocytic genes involved in synaptic function, aging, and sexual dimorphism in human astrocytes. The findings provide valuable insights into human astrocyte biology and its potential involvement in neurological diseases.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Initiates an Atypical Astrocyte Response Caused by Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Kijana K. George et al.

Summary: Mild traumatic brain injury/concussion (mTBI) accounts for 70-90% of all reported TBI cases. Recent clinical studies revealed increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in mTBI patients, which correlated with secondary damage after mTBI. This study demonstrates that BBB damage causes atypical astrocytes, and even relatively small BBB disturbances are sustained long term.

JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Selective reduction of astrocyte apoE3 and apoE4 strongly reduces Aβ accumulation and plaque-related pathology in a mouse model of amyloidosis

Thomas E. Mahan et al.

Summary: This study reveals the important role of astrocytic apoE3 and apoE4 in the formation of A beta plaques and certain associated effects.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Relationship between astrocyte reactivity, using novel 11C-BU99008 PET, and glucose metabolism, grey matter volume and amyloid load in cognitively impaired individuals

Nicholas R. Livingston et al.

Summary: Post-mortem neuropathology suggests that astrocyte reactivity may play a significant role in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. A study using multimodal PET and MRI imaging found differences in astrocyte reactivity between cognitively impaired patients and healthy controls, with Aβ-positive patients showing greater C-11-BU99008 uptake. These findings suggest a relationship between sustained pro-inflammatory astrocyte reactivity, amyloid deposition, and neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders

Ahmed Abdelhak et al.

Summary: Blood-derived biomarkers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), hold promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of neurological diseases. However, there are limitations that hinder the widespread clinical use of GFAP as a biomarker.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Astrocyte in prion disease: a double-edged sword

Waqas Tahir et al.

Summary: Prion diseases are infectious protein misfolding disorders that affect the central nervous system. The role of astrocytes, non-neuronal cells in the brain, in prion pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood. Astrocytes can regulate brain homeostasis, but they can also deposit and propagate prions. However, the exact role of astrocytes in prion diseases and the lack of in vitro models limit our understanding and research in this area.

NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Reactive astrocytes prevent maladaptive plasticity after ischemic stroke

Markus Aswendt et al.

Summary: The restoration of functional connectivity is crucial for functional recovery after stroke. This study investigated the role of reactive astrocytes in functional connectivity and recovery after ischemic stroke.

PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Overproduction of hydrogen sulfide, generated by cystathionine β-synthase, disrupts brain wave patterns and contributes to neurobehavioral dysfunction in a rat model of down syndrome

Theodora Panagaki et al.

Summary: This study investigates the functional role of the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway in the pathogenesis of brain wave pattern alterations and neurobehavioral dysfunction in a rat model of Down syndrome (DS). The overexpression of CBS and subsequent overproduction of H2S in the brain of DS rats were observed. The study suggests that the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the neurological dysfunction in DS through dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics and gene expression.

REDOX BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Revisiting Excitotoxicity in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Bench to Bedside

Daniela Baracaldo-Santamaria et al.

Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality, with consequences ranging from mild cognitive impairment to death. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the various pathways involved in tissue damage following TBI. It summarizes the preclinical evidence of potential therapeutic interventions and describes the available clinical evaluation of novel drug targets.

PHARMACEUTICS (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Review article for CTR special issue edited by C. Schachtrup Title of Special Issue: Modulating scar formation for improving brain repair Loss-of-function manipulations to identify roles of diverse glia and stromal cells during CNS scar formation

Shalaka Wahane et al.

Summary: Scar formation in the CNS involves complex interactions among multiple types of CNS glia and non-neural stromal cells, and dysfunctions of these cells may contribute to different neuropathological mechanisms. Insights into specific neuropathological mechanisms and potential interventions are emerging as potential targets for diverse CNS disorders.

CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Trafficking of the glutamate transporter is impaired in LRRK2-related Parkinson's disease

Ludovica Iovino et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the pathogenic variant G2019S of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) impairs the function of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2), resulting in glutamate overload in the brain, which may contribute to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD).

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

A closer look at astrocyte morphology: Development, heterogeneity, and plasticity at astrocyte leaflets

Beatriz Torres-Ceja et al.

Summary: Astrocytes are morphologically complex glial cells that play important roles in various functions of the central nervous system. Recent advances in research have revealed the plastic nature of astrocytes, particularly at synapses, and have provided new technologies for studying these cells.

CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Fibrinogen regulates lesion border-forming reactive astrocyte properties after vascular damage

Pasquale Conforti et al.

Summary: Reactive astrocytes form a barrier at the border of damaged neuronal tissue to separate inflammation and fibrosis from healthy tissue. Blood-derived fibrinogen is enriched at the interface of lesion border-forming elongated astrocytes after cortical brain injury. Depleting fibrinogen reduces astrocyte reactivity, extracellular matrix deposition, and inflammation. RNA sequencing shows that fibrinogen depletion represses gene expression associated with astrocyte reactivity and immune response regulation, while increasing gene expression associated with astrocyte metabolism and astrocyte-neuron communication. Systemic pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen prevents the formation of elongated, border-forming astrocytes and enhances neuron survival in the lesion core.

GLIA (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astrocytes derived from ASD individuals alter behavior and destabilize neuronal activity through aberrant Ca2+ signaling

Megan Allen et al.

Summary: This study reveals that astrocytes derived from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have the potential to induce repetitive behavior and cognitive deficits. Moreover, astrocyte abnormalities may play a role in the pathogenesis of ASD.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Divergent transcriptional regulation of astrocyte reactivity across disorders

Joshua E. Burda et al.

Summary: This study reveals the regulatory mechanism of genes associated with astrocyte reactivity through biological and informatic analyses. These genes show heterogeneity across different central nervous system disorders and are regulated by transcriptional regulators. By modulating reactivity, these transcriptional regulators can alter the outcome of the disorders and may serve as therapeutic targets.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes undergo subtype-specific transcriptional changes in Alzheimer's disease

Jessica S. Sadick et al.

Summary: This study used single-nuclei RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic heterogeneity of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The findings revealed global and subtype-specific transcriptomic changes in these glial cells between AD and non-symptomatic brains, as well as the localization of heterogeneous astrocyte subtypes in specific brain regions using spatial transcriptomics resources.

NEURON (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocytes in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Baoman Li et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the roles of astrocytes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and highlights the potential therapeutic targets in the impairment of astrocytic functions.

NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Astrocytic urea cycle detoxifies Aβ-derived ammonia while impairing memory in Alzheimer's disease

Yeon Ha Ju et al.

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ plaques and progressive memory loss. The study suggests that the astrocytic urea cycle plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in the disease, with the potential to detoxify Aβ while impairing memory. Inhibition of ODC1, a key enzyme in the cycle, may be a promising therapeutic strategy to remove toxic molecules and prevent memory loss.

CELL METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes

Madeline G. Andrews et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Morphological, cellular, and molecular basis of brain infection in COVID-19 patients

Fernanda Crunfli et al.

Summary: Research indicates that neuropsychiatric dysfunction can occur in individuals with mild COVID-19 infections, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect astrocytes in the brain, leading to neuronal death or dysfunction.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Engrafted glial progenitor cells yield long-term integration and sensory improvement in aged mice

Zhiqi Yang et al.

Summary: This study reveals that transplantation of glial progenitor cell-derived astrocytes can alleviate age-induced neuronal deficiency. These transplanted astrocytes are able to migrate, differentiate, and maintain a younger morphology in the aged brain. They also improve the polarization of aquaporin-4 in the aging neocortex and reverse age-dependent sensory response degeneration.

STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Premature Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation Into Astrocytes in Retinoic Acid-Induced Spina Bifida Rat Model

Marc Oria et al.

Summary: During embryonic spinal cord development, neural progenitor cells generate three major cell lines: neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes at precise times and locations within the spinal cord. Recent studies demonstrate early astrogenesis in animal models of spina bifida, which may play a role in neuronal dysfunction associated with this condition. However, to date, the pathophysiological mechanisms related to this early astrocytic response in spina bifida are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the development of early astrogliosis over time from Pax6+, Olig2+, or Nkx2.2+ NPCs using a retinoic acid-induced spina bifida rat model. At three gestational ages (E15, E17, and E20), spinal cords from fetuses with retinoic acid-induced spina bifida, their healthy sibling controls, or fetuses treated with the vehicle control were analyzed. Results indicated that premature astrogliosis and astrocytic activation were associated with an altered presence of Pax6+, Olig2+, and Nkx2.2+ NPCs in the lesion compared to the controls. Finally, this response correlated with an elevation in genes involved in the Notch-BMP signaling pathway. Taken together, changes in NPC patterning factor expression with Notch-BMP signaling upregulation may be responsible for the altered astrogenesis patterns observed in the spinal cord in a retinoic acid-induced spina bifida model.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Dysregulation of Astrocytic Glutamine Transport in Acute Hyperammonemic Brain Edema

Magdalena Zielinska et al.

Summary: Acute liver failure causes hyperammonemia and increased ammonia accumulation in the brain. This is associated with increased brain glutamine content. This review focuses on the effects of hyperammonemia on glutamine carriers in astrocytes and their contribution to brain edema.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cocaine preference and neuroadaptations are maintained by astrocytic NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens

Gajanan P. Shelkar et al.

Summary: This study investigates the relationship between NMDA receptors in astrocytes and cocaine preference memory. The results show that selective ablation of GluN1 subunit from astrocytes enhances the extinction of cocaine memory. Additionally, repeated cocaine exposure increases GluN2C subunit expression and astrocytic NMDA receptor currents. Inhibition of GluN2C/2D-containing receptors and deletion of GluN2C subunit facilitate the extinction of cocaine memory.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evolution of neuroglia

Alexei Verkhratsky et al.

Summary: The evolution of the nervous system involved cellular diversification and specialization of functions, with the emergence of the centralized nervous system leading to an increase in the complexity of neuroglia. In the primate brain, especially in humans, the astrocyte lineage is exceedingly complex, possibly facilitating interlayer communication and integration.

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In human astrocytes neurotropic flaviviruses increase autophagy, yet their replication is autophagy-independent

Petra Tavcar Verdev et al.

Summary: This study investigated the modulation of autophagy in human astrocytes infected with flaviviruses. The results showed that infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) increased autophagy in astrocytes, while the maturation and size of autophagic compartments were not affected. In addition, bafilomycin A1 attenuated the replication and infectivity of TBEV and WNV, while rapamycin and wortmannin had no effect on autophagy or viral replication.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Microglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads

Rosa C. Paolicelli et al.

NEURON (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle

Jens Andersen et al.

Summary: Astrocytes play a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. They collaborate closely with neurons through neurotransmitter recycling, which is essential for neurotransmission. The metabolic changes in astrocytes during Alzheimer's disease can have a profound impact on neurotransmitter recycling and deprive neurons of metabolic support, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lesion environments direct transplanted neural progenitors towards a wound repair astroglial phenotype in mice

T. M. O'Shea et al.

Summary: The study illustrates that transplanted NPC into CNS lesions generate cells sharing transcriptional and functional characteristics with host wound repair astroglia in mice.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Review Toxicology

Role of Environmental Toxicants on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Masarat Nabi et al.

Summary: Neurodegeneration, characterized by the loss of structural and functional components of neurons, has been linked to a number of degenerative disorders. Environmental factors, such as neurotoxic metals and pesticides, have been implicated in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. It is important to study and understand these diseases in order to mitigate their impact on public health.

FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases

Lun Li et al.

Summary: The central nervous system innate immunity is crucial in infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries, with astrocytes and microglia mediating innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-studied pattern recognition receptors, with microglial TLR signaling extensively investigated in CNS pathology. More research is needed to understand the role of astroglial TLRs in diseases and injuries, as they can have both harmful and beneficial effects depending on the local environment.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Cortical Interlaminar Astrocytes Are Generated Prenatally, Mature Postnatally, and Express Unique Markers in Human and Nonhuman Primates

Carmen Falcone et al.

Summary: Interlaminar astrocytes (ILAs) are a unique subset of cortical astrocytes found in layer I, originating likely from radial glial (RG) cells, proliferating locally during gestation, and extending interlaminar processes postnatally. Studies on three primate species and mice revealed that ILAs exhibit increased density and morphological complexity with age, express multiple markers including RG and astrocyte markers, and show differences between primate species and mice. These findings suggest a lineal relationship between RG cells and ILAs.

CEREBRAL CORTEX (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The phenomenon of clasmatodendrosis

Denis Balaban et al.

Summary: Clasmatodendrosis, characterized by beading of astrocytic processes, is associated with various diseases and injuries, potentially serving as a marker for vascular dysregulation. Proposed mechanisms for this change include hypoxic-ischemic, osmotic-demyelinating, and autophagic models. Additionally, evidence suggests a link between clasmatodendrotic features and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, involving interactions between endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytic endfeet.

HELIYON (2021)

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Review Physiology

Astroglial asthenia and loss of function, rather than reactivity, contribute to the ageing of the brain

Alexei Verkhratsky et al.

Summary: Astroglia undergo morphological and functional changes with aging, leading to a decline in various functions in the central nervous system. Lifestyle interventions can influence and improve the morphology and function of astroglia, playing a crucial role in cognitive longevity.

PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes

Liliana M. Sanmarco et al.

Summary: This study identifies a subset of astrocytes that limit inflammation in the central nervous system by inducing T cell apoptosis through TRAIL-DR5 signaling. The expression of TRAIL in these astrocytes is regulated by interferon-gamma produced by meningeal NK cells, which is modulated by the gut microbiome.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Glia as sculptors of synaptic plasticity

Laura Sancho et al.

Summary: Glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, play crucial roles in the proper development and function of the brain. They monitor neural activity and sculpt synaptic plasticity, influencing short- and long-term changes in the central nervous system.

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Astrocytes: A Role in Parkinson's Disease?

Collin M. Bantle et al.

Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of Parkinson's disease, impacting the functions of astrocytes in the brain. Important astrocytic functions rely on healthy mitochondria, presenting new challenges for therapeutic development.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Converging purinergic and immune signaling pathways drive IL-6 secretion by Fragile X cortical astrocytes via STAT3

Kathryn E. Reynolds et al.

Summary: Symptoms of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) are partly driven by abnormal glial-mediated function, with elevated levels of immune-related factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tenascin C (TNC) released by FXS astrocytes. Purinergic signaling and immune regulatory pathways converge to promote pro-inflammatory responses in the FXS cortex.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Astrocyte dystrophy in ageing brain parallels impaired synaptic plasticity

Alexander Popov et al.

Summary: This study found a significant reduction in the number and length of astrocytic processes, astrocytic territorial domains, and astrocyte-to-astrocyte coupling in the aged brain. Physiological deficits in K+ and glutamate clearance, as well as spatiotemporal reorganisation of Ca2+ events, were observed in old astrocytes, which paralleled impaired synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA1 in old mice. These findings may explain the astroglial mechanisms of age-dependent decline in learning and memory.

AGING CELL (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocytes in heavy metal neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration

Baoman Li et al.

Summary: With industrial development and increasing environmental pollution, human overexposure to heavy metals has become a pressing public health issue. Excessive intake of heavy metals affects the central nervous system, particularly astrocytes, leading to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Effective management of heavy metal neurotoxicity could be a potential strategy to prevent or slow down neurodegenerative diseases.

BRAIN RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Lamina-specific properties of spinal astrocytes

Mira T. Kronschlaeger et al.

Summary: Astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord show fine-tuned differences across different layers to meet the demands of processing sensory information of varying modalities. While astrocytes in laminae I and II exhibit higher density and elevated expression levels of certain markers compared to those in lamina III, they share similar membrane properties, network formation, and intracellular calcium signaling characteristics.

GLIA (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in Alzheimer's disease-Systematic review of studies using the APPswePS1dE9 mouse model

Tamar Smit et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the impact of reactive astrocytes on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease, using a mouse model to study the potential effects of targeting reactive astrocytes as a treatment for AD. Studies suggest that interventions targeting astrocytes can benefit cognition in AD.

GLIA (2021)

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Review Immunology

Astrocyte-immune cell interactions in physiology and pathology

Rafael T. Han et al.

Summary: This article reviews the various functions of astrocytes and their changes in reactive states, emphasizing interactions between astrocytes and microglia, vasculature, and protective barriers in the CNS, as well as discussing recent insights into different sub-states of astrocytes identified by transcriptional profiling. The goal is to stimulate research on how molecular identifiers link to specific functional changes in astrocytes and to define the implications of these heterogeneous molecular and functional changes in brain function and pathology, with the potential to lead to new therapies in CNS injury, infection, and disease.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes induce cell death via saturated lipids

Kevin A. Guttenplan et al.

Summary: Astrocytes respond to diseases and injuries in the central nervous system by releasing long-chain saturated fatty acids contained in lipoparticles, leading to the death of neurons and mature oligodendrocytes. The elimination of saturated lipids produced by astrocytes can mitigate astrocyte-induced toxicity, suggesting a mechanism by which astrocytes kill cells in the central nervous system.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocyte-induced synapse formation and ischemic stroke

Kazuo Yamagata

Summary: Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating synapse formation and function, protecting the brain from damage and restoring synaptic function after injury. They release various molecules to induce synaptic structure and function, providing a protective effect against synaptic damage.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Inhibiting glycolysis rescues memory impairment in an intellectual disability Gdi1-null mouse

Patrizia D'Adamo et al.

Summary: Proteomic analysis and glucose uptake studies in Gdi1 knockout mice reveal significant changes in astrocyte-resident glycolytic enzymes and increased glucose uptake, leading to cognitive impairment. A selective impairment in working memory was observed in mice with Gdi1 deletion restricted to astrocytes, which was rescued by inhibiting glycolysis. These findings suggest a new astrocyte-based mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders and potential therapeutic opportunities targeting aerobic glycolysis.

METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

CNS fibroblasts form a fibrotic scar in response to immune cell infiltration

Cayce E. Dorrier et al.

Summary: Fibrotic scarring in the CNS is identified to arise from proliferative CNS fibroblasts in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model, with involvement of interferon-gamma pathway genes. Reduction of scarring can lead to decreased severity of motor symptoms.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Carole Escartin et al.

Summary: The article highlights the challenges and uncertainties surrounding reactive astrocytes, advocating for comprehensive research that includes assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters, preferably in vivo, along with multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astrocytes and Epilepsy

Devin K. Binder et al.

Summary: Changes in astrocyte channels, transporters, and metabolism are closely linked to seizure generation and epilepsy, with alterations in potassium, glutamate, water and adenosine homeostasis contributing to hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis. Understanding the role of astrocytes in epilepsy offers potential for identifying novel astrocyte-specific therapeutic targets.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Widespread Decrease of Cerebral Vimentin-Immunoreactive Astrocytes in Depressed Suicides

Liam Anuj O'Leary et al.

Summary: The study revealed a widespread reduction in the density of cerebral VIM-IR astrocytes in cases of depression and suicide compared to controls, further implicating astrocytic dysfunctions in these conditions.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Significance and Molecular Pathways

Pranav Preman et al.

Summary: Astrocytes are essential for normal nervous system operation and play active roles in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's. Recent data shows that different astrocyte states are linked to specific stages of Alzheimer's disease, with transcriptomics technologies aiding in characterizing these pathological states.

CELLS (2021)

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Review Physiology

Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Glial Response

Rodrigo G. Mira et al.

Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that causes brain damage due to external forces, leading to CNS damage under various mechanisms. Glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes play crucial roles in response to TBI, affecting neuronal damage and pathophysiology.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Traumatic brain injury induces region-specific glutamate metabolism changes as measured by multiple mass spectrometry methods

James L. Sowers et al.

Summary: Research suggests that reducing glutamate concentration after traumatic brain injury can be achieved through glutamate oxidation via a truncated tricarboxylic acid cycle coupled to the urea cycle. This process not only decreases glutamate levels and produces carbon for energy metabolism, but also leads to the accumulation of citrulline and the production of nitric oxide, offering potential insights for improved treatment approaches.

ISCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biology

Astrocytic ApoE underlies maturation of hippocampal neurons and cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury in mice

Tzong-Shiue Yu et al.

Summary: The study by Tzong-Shiue Yu et al. demonstrates that ablation of astrocytic ApoE in mice leads to decreased dendritic complexity in newborn dentate gyrus neurons and cognitive impairment, highlighting the role of ApoE in injury-induced neurogenesis following TBI.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Brain cells derived from Alzheimer's disease patients have multiple specific innate abnormalities in energy metabolism

Woo-In Ryu et al.

Summary: The study found that neural progenitor cells and astrocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients exhibit multiple inter-related bioenergetic alterations, including changes in mitochondrial respiration, reduced levels of NAD/NADH, and diminished glucose uptake. These findings suggest that Alzheimer's disease may involve multiple hits and innate inefficient cellular energy management.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Barcoded viral tracing of single-cell interactions in central nervous system inflammation

Iain C. Clark et al.

Summary: The study identified microglia-astrocyte interactions and candidate therapeutic targets using RABID-seq, providing new insights into CNS pathology.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Patient-derived glial enriched progenitors repair functional deficits due to white matter stroke and vascular dementia in rodents

Irene L. Llorente et al.

Summary: Research shows that hiPSC-GEPs cells, derived from hiPSC-neural progenitor cells, have the potential to differentiate into astrocytes and promote brain repair when transplanted after WMS in mice.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective

Patrycja Mulica et al.

Summary: Declining brain energetics play a role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, key in supporting neuronal function, may also contribute to the development of these diseases. Understanding the metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, particularly regarding mitochondria, has therapeutic potential in addressing neurodegenerative disorders.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocytic atrophy as a pathological feature of Parkinson's disease with LRRK2 mutation

Paula Ramos-Gonzalez et al.

Summary: The study showed that astrocytes derived from Parkinson's disease patients have significant defects, including decreased complexity, abnormal mitochondria, and increased oxidative stress, which may contribute to neuronal death.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Biology

Iron induces two distinct Ca2+ signalling cascades in astrocytes

Wenzheng Guan et al.

Summary: The study reveals two distinct molecular mechanisms by which iron ions trigger calcium signaling in astrocytes, shedding light on the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration in these cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the functional role of astrocytes in normal neurodevelopment.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A lymphocyte-microglia-astrocyte axis in chronic active multiple sclerosis

Martina Absinta et al.

Summary: Through MRI-guided single-nucleus RNA sequencing, a diversity of glial and immune cells at the edge of demyelinated white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified, along with the definition of inflamed glial cell phenotypes in MS. The overlap of the transcriptional profile of microglia inflamed in MS with that in other neurodegenerative diseases suggests common mechanisms between primary and secondary neurodegeneration that could benefit from similar therapeutic approaches. The critical role of complement component 1q (C1q) in the activation of microglia inflamed in MS has been identified and potential therapeutic avenues, such as C1q inhibition, have been suggested for addressing chronic white matter inflammation.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Neuroinflammatory astrocyte subtypes in the mouse brain

Philip Hasel et al.

Summary: This study investigated the transcriptome changes of mouse cortical astrocytes after an acute inflammatory stimulus, revealing rapid and drastic changes over time. By sequencing thousands of astrocytes at single-cell resolution, it was shown that inflammation causes a widespread response with distinct subtypes undergoing inflammatory transitions with defined transcriptomic profiles. Spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridization were used to attribute specific inflammation-induced reactive astrocyte sub-states to certain brain regions.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Hepatic Encephalopathy: From Metabolic to Neurodegenerative

Rafael Ochoa-Sanchez et al.

Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with liver disease, reversible in theory but leading to persistent neurological complications in some patients post-liver transplantation. These enduring complications impact quality of life and healthcare costs, highlighting the need for further understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astrocyte-mediated disruption of ROS homeostasis in Fragile X mouse model

Gregory G. Vandenberg et al.

Summary: Research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes may contribute to oxidative stress in Fragile X Syndrome, leading to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially playing a role in the pathology of neurological disorders.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocytic processes: from tripartite synapses to the active milieu

Alexey Semyanov et al.

Summary: A new concept of 'active milieu' is defined in this study, which integrates all components of nervous tissue into a dynamic information processing system, with a focus on the role of astrocytic processes. These processes are involved in reciprocal interactions with neuronal compartments and communicate with other elements of the nervous tissue within this framework.

TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Molecular and functional properties of cortical astrocytes during peripherally induced neuroinflammation

Blanca Diaz-Castro et al.

Summary: The study explores the role of astrocytes in neuroinflammation triggered by peripheral bacterial endotoxin. Behavioral changes and astrocyte gene expression alterations peak with anhedonia and then return to normal levels. Despite significant astrocyte reactivity and behavioral changes, no evidence of altered neuronal survival or function in the PFC is found.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain

Anna Gasiorowska et al.

Summary: The global elderly population is growing, leading to various changes in the brain related to cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Aging is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, disease exaggeration, and dementia, with life stress and trauma potentially accelerating age-related disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of age-related diseases can aid in the development of effective treatment strategies.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Conceptual and Methodological Pitfalls in Experimental Studies: An Overview, and the Case of Alzheimer's Disease

Daniela Puzzo et al.

Summary: The main goal of scientific research is to uncover new knowledge to understand reality, but discrepancies between laboratory research and real-world applications often exist. Researchers often overlook key issues in scientific investigations when facing challenges related to methodological problems and conflicting expectations.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Plectin in the Central Nervous System and a Putative Role in Brain Astrocytes

Maja Potokar et al.

Summary: Plectin, a high-molecular-mass cytolinker, is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. Its role in the CNS is still not fully understood, but it is anticipated to be involved in signaling processes and affect fundamental functions in the brain and spinal cord. Further research is needed to fully address the direct and indirect interactions of plectin with cytoskeletal filaments and enzymes in CNS cells under normal physiological and pathologic conditions.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Iatrogenic Iron Promotes Neurodegeneration and Activates Self-Protection of Neural Cells against Exogenous Iron Attacks

Maosheng Xia et al.

Summary: Metal implants can release iron, posing a risk factor for neurological diseases. Patients with metal implants from orthopedic surgeries have higher incidence of Parkinson's disease or ischemic stroke, with increased serum iron and ferritin levels. Excess iron can impact neural cells and lead to neurodegeneration.

FUNCTION (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Shabeer Paul et al.

Summary: Over the past two decades, the disease concept of NMOSD has significantly changed with the detection of MOG antibody and the understanding of immune astrocytopathy. The revised diagnostic criteria have widened the clinical spectrum of NMOSD, allowing for earlier diagnosis and prompt initiation of effective immunosuppression for better long-term outcomes. Challenges still remain in treating seronegative NMOSD due to limited treatment options.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The neuropathology of bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

Paul J. Harrison et al.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astroglia in Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy

Tatyana Shulyatnikova et al.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Familial globular glial tauopathy linked to MAPT mutations: molecular neuropathology and seeding capacity of a prototypical mixed neuronal and glial tauopathy

Isidro Ferrer et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Na+-dependent transporters: The backbone of astroglial homeostatic function

Alexei Verkhratsky et al.

CELL CALCIUM (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Impairment of Glycolysis-Derived L-Serine Production in Astrocytes Contributes to Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease

Juliette Le Douce et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Glial Cells as Regulators of Neuroimmune Interactions in the Central Nervous System

Jack P. Antel et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Microglia and macrophages promote corralling, wound compaction and recovery after spinal cord injury via Plexin-B2

Xiang Zhou et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Fibrotic scar after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation

Stephanie L. Yahn et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex on the neuromuscular system

Dina C. Belhasan et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of region-specific astrocyte subtypes at single cell resolution

Mykhailo Y. Batiuk et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Single-nucleus RNA-seq identifies Huntington disease astrocyte states

Osama Al-Dalahmah et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Letter Clinical Neurology

Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology

R. Ross Reichard et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2020)

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Editorial Material Physiology

Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19

Luca Steardo et al.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Molecular mechanisms of K+clearance and extracellular space shrinkage-Glia cells as the stars

Nanna MacAulay

GLIA (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Neuroglial transmitophagy and Parkinson's disease

Ingrid Morales et al.

GLIA (2020)

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Article Immunology

Effects of advanced age upon astrocyte-specific responses to acute traumatic brain injury in mice

Alexandria N. Early et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms

Zhiqiang Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

GDF15 promotes simultaneous astrocyte remodeling and tight junction strengthening at the blood-brain barrier

Victoria A. Malik et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Caloric restriction triggers morphofunctional remodeling of astrocytes and enhances synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus

Alexander Popov et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Astrocytes with TDP-43 inclusions exhibit reduced noradrenergic cAMP and Ca2+ signaling and dysregulated cell metabolism

Jelena Velebit et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Astroglia and Tau: New Perspectives

Gabor G. Kovacs

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Immunology

Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis: Friend or Foe?

Brooke L. Guerrero et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocytes rescue neuronal health after cisplatin treatment through mitochondrial transfer

Krystal English et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Injured adult neurons regress to an embryonic transcriptional growth state

Gunnar H. D. Poplawski et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Disease-associated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and aging

Naomi Habib et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Astrocytes and microglia play orchestrated roles and respect phagocytic territories during neuronal corpse removal in vivo

Eyiyemisi C. Damisah et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

The Diversity of Intermediate Filaments in Astrocytes

Maja Potokar et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly found in COVID-19

Nelly Kanberg et al.

NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Astroglia-specific contributions to the regulation of synapses, cognition and behaviour

Marcus Augusto-Oliveira et al.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Letter Neurosciences

Iron Aggravates the Depressive Phenotype of Stressed Mice by Compromising the Glymphatic System

Shanshan Liang et al.

NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Excessive Astrocytic GABA Causes Cortical Hypometabolism and Impedes Functional Recovery after Subcortical Stroke

Min-Ho Nam et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Stem Cells of the Aging Brain

Alexandra M. Nicaise et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives

Diji Kuriakose et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Disruption of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is an early sign of pathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Ilaria Vanzulli et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocytes Control Sensory Acuity via Tonic Inhibition in the Thalamus

Hankyul Kwak et al.

NEURON (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocyte Crosstalk in CNS Inflammation

Mathias Linnerbauer et al.

NEURON (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Context-Specific Striatal Astrocyte Molecular Responses Are Phenotypically Exploitable

Xinzhu Yu et al.

NEURON (2020)

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Review Immunology

Astrocyte Reactivity: Subtypes, States, and Functions in CNS Innate Immunity

Michael V. Sofroniew

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Proteomic analysis links alterations of bioenergetics, mitochondria-ER interactions and proteostasis in hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice

Giulia Dematteis et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Metabolic alterations in Parkinson's disease astrocytes

Tuuli-Maria Sonninen et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Excitotoxicity: Still Hammering the Ischemic Brain in 2020

Dennis W. Choi

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Biology

Can COVID-19 pandemic boost the epidemic of neurodegenerative diseases?

Alexei Verkhratsky et al.

BIOLOGY DIRECT (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Regulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alison C. Todd et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Severe reactive astrocytes precipitate pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease via H2O2- production

Heejung Chun et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Diffusion functional MRI reveals global brain network functional abnormalities driven by targeted local activity in a neuropsychiatric disease mouse model

Yoshifumi Abe et al.

NEUROIMAGE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Foreign body responses in mouse central nervous system mimic natural wound responses and alter biomaterial functions

Timothy M. O'Shea et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

APOE4 genetic polymorphism results in impaired recovery in a repeated mild traumatic brain injury model and treatment with Bryostatin-1 improves outcomes

Anna O. Giarratana et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Astrocytes as Guardians of Neuronal Excitability: Mechanisms Underlying Epileptogenesis

Quirijn P. Verhoog et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Reduced astrocytic reactivity in human brains and midbrain organoids with PRKN mutations

Masayoshi Kano et al.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Neuropathobiology of COVID-19: The Role for Glia

Marie-Eve Tremblay et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Immunology

Fibrotic Scar in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nadia D'Ambrosi et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Psychiatry

Glial cells in schizophrenia: a unified hypothesis

Andrea G. Dietz et al.

LANCET PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis-A new target in stroke?

Milos Pekny et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Regulation of Astrocyte Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

Michael A. Wheeler et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Clasmatodendrosis is associated with dendritic spines and does not represent autophagic astrocyte death in influenza-associated encephalopathy

Masaya Tachibana et al.

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrogliopathology in the infectious insults of the brain

Robert Zorec et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CCR5 Is a Therapeutic Target for Recovery after Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury

Mary T. Joy et al.

CELL (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolic Plasticity of Astrocytes and Aging of the Brain

Mitsuhiro Morita et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Paroxysmal Depolarization Shift: Reconsidering Its Role in Epilepsy, Epileptogenesis and Beyond

Helmut Kubista et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders

Eiji Shigetomi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

Neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of epilepsy

Dipan C. Patel et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocytes in Neuropathologies Affecting the Frontal Cortex

Ulla-Kaisa Peteri et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microglia are an essential component of the neuroprotective scar that forms after spinal cord injury

Victor Bellver-Landete et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Aberrant oligodendroglial-vascular interactions disrupt the blood-brain barrier, triggering CNS inflammation

Jianqin Niu et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Complement 3+-astrocytes are highly abundant in prion diseases, but their abolishment led to an accelerated disease course and early dysregulation of microglia

Kristin Hartmann et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

The Emerging Nature of Astrocyte Diversity

Baljit S. Khakh et al.

Annual Review of Neuroscience (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Heroin Cue-Evoked Astrocytic Structural Plasticity at Nucleus Accumbens Synapses Inhibits Heroin Seeking

Anna Kruyer et al.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astrocyte-specific transcriptome analysis using the ALDH1L1 bacTRAP mouse reveals novel biomarkers of astrogliosis in response to neurotoxicity

Lindsay T. Michalovicz et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology

Gregoire Courtine et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

ZIKV Strains Differentially Affect Survival of Human Fetal Astrocytes versus Neurons and Traffic of ZIKV-Laden Endocytotic Compartments

Jernej Jorgacevski et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Astrocyte Specific Remodeling of Plasmalemmal Cholesterol Composition by Ketamine Indicates a New Mechanism of Antidepressant Action

Eva Lasic et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Perspectives for Ezrin and Radixin in Astrocytes: Kinases, Functions and Pathology

Amin Derouiche et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain

Methodios Ximerakis et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Review Physiology

Astroglial atrophy in Alzheimer's disease

Alexei Verkhratsky et al.

PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Psychiatry

Astrocytes are direct cellular targets of lithium treatment: novel roles for lysyl oxidase and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-γ as astroglial targets of lithium

Andrea D. Rivera et al.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2019)

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Article Psychiatry

Dystrophin deficiency leads to dysfunctional glutamate clearance in iPSC derived astrocytes

Abdulsamie M. Patel et al.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Astrocyte molecular signatures in Huntington's disease

Blanca Diaz-Castro et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Moving beyond the glial scar for spinal cord repair

Elizabeth J. Bradbury et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multifaceted Changes in Synaptic Composition and Astrocytic Involvement in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Anish K. Simhal et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Environmental Control of Astrocyte Pathogenic Activities in CNS Inflammation

Michael A. Wheeler et al.

CELL (2019)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Human ESC-Derived Chimeric Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease Reveal Cell-Intrinsic Defects in Glial Progenitor Cell Differentiation

Mikhail Osipovitch et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Repetitive Diffuse Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Causes an Atypical Astrocyte Response and Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures

Oleksii Shandra et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Refining the concept of GFAP toxicity in Alexander disease

Albee Messing

JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS (2019)

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Editorial Material Cell Biology

GABAergic astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

Olga Garaschuk et al.

AGING-US (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell-specific and region-specific transcriptomics in the multiple sclerosis model: Focus on astrocytes

Noriko Itoh et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Review Immunology

Diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - An update

Alice Bruscolini et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Characterisation of Zika virus infection in primary human astrocytes

Michal Stefanik et al.

BMC NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Alexander disease: an astrocytopathy that produces a leukodystrophy

Alexander Sosunov et al.

BRAIN PATHOLOGY (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG): not only tau phosphorylation in astrocytes

Isidro Ferrer et al.

BRAIN PATHOLOGY (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Age-dependent changes at the blood-brain barrier. A Comparative structural and functional study in young adult and middle aged rats

Luca Bors et al.

BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN (2018)

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Brain-related comorbidities in boys and men with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A descriptive study

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Injury type-dependent differentiation of NG2 glia into heterogeneous astrocytes

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Preventing neurodegeneration by adrenergic astroglial excitation

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The perivascular origin of pathological fibroblasts

Selene E. Di Carlo et al.

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Dissecting spinal cord regeneration

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Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites

Veit Rothhammer et al.

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Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease

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A bell-shaped dependence between amyloidosis and GABA accumulation in astrocytes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Bianca Brawek et al.

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APOE4 Causes Widespread Molecular and Cellular Alterations Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in Human iPSC-Derived Brain Cell Types

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An Optical Neuron-Astrocyte Proximity Assay at Synaptic Distance Scales

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The multi-dimensional roles of astrocytes in ALS

Koji Yamanaka et al.

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Astrocytes: Stars of the Sacred Disease

Devin K. Binder

Epilepsy Currents (2018)

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Hippocampal Astrocytes in Migrating and Wintering Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla

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The Aging Astrocyte Transcriptome from Multiple Regions of the Mouse Brain

Matthew M. Boisvert et al.

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Astrocytic Atrophy Following Status Epilepticus Parallels Reduced Ca2+ Activity and Impaired Synaptic Plasticity in the Rat Hippocampus

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Reconsideration of Amyloid Hypothesis and Tau Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease

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Linking Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease

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MOG-IgG-Associated Optic Neuritis, Encephalitis, and Myelitis: Lessons Learned From Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

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Astrocytic degeneration in chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Eric T. Hsu et al.

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Required growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury

Mark A. Anderson et al.

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Reducing Astrocyte Calcium Signaling In Vivo Alters Striatal Microcircuits and Causes Repetitive Behavior

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Astrocyte-based cell therapy: new hope for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients?

Luis Barbeito

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L-Norvaline Reverses Cognitive Decline and Synaptic Loss in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease

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Enhanced astrocyte responses are driven by a genetic risk allele associated with multiple sclerosis

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Self-injurious behaviours in rhesus macaques: Potential glial mechanisms

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Pathological human astroglia in Alzheimer's disease: opening new horizons with stem cell technology

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Danger signals in stroke and their role on microglia activation after ischemia

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Hyperammonemia in Hepatic Encephalopathy

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Impaired αGDI Function in the X-Linked Intellectual Disability: The Impact on Astroglia Vesicle Dynamics

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Genetic Studies on the Tripartite Glutamate Synapse in the Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Mood Disorders

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Molecular, cellular and functional events in axonal sprouting after stroke

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Neuron-Astrocyte Signaling is Preserved in the Aging Brain

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Wildtype Motoneurons, ALS-Linked SOD1 Mutation and Glutamate Profoundly Modify Astrocyte Metabolism and Lactate Shuttling

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Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs

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Reactive astrogliosis in stroke: Contributions of astrocytes to recovery of neurological function

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Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence

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Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders from the glial perspective: Etiological mechanisms, intervention and monitoring

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Hyperammonemia compromises glutamate metabolism and reduces BDNF in the rat hippocampus

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The Role of Astrocyte Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis

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Aberrant iPSC-derived human astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

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Major Shifts in Glial Regional Identity Are a Transcriptional Hallmark of Human Brain Aging

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Altered Developmental Expression of the Astrocyte-Secreted Factors Hevin and SPARC in the Fragile X Mouse Model

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PSEN1 Mutant iPSC-Derived Model Reveals Severe Astrocyte Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease

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Sporadic ALS Astrocytes Induce Neuronal Degeneration In Vivo

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Ultrastructural features of aberrant glial cells isolated from the spinal cord of paralytic rats expressing the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1G93A mutation

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Cross-Laboratory Analysis of Brain Cell Type Transcriptomes with Applications to Interpretation of Bulk Tissue Data

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Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain

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Human iPSC Glial Mouse Chimeras Reveal Glial Contributions to Schizophrenia

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Injury Leads to the Appearance of Cells with Characteristics of Both Microglia and Astrocytes in Mouse and Human Brain

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Brain metabolism in health, aging, and neurodegeneration

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Rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine correlates with astroglial plasticity in the hippocampus

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The blood-brain barrier in systemic inflammation

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Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases

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Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG): harmonized evaluation strategy

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Regional age differences in gray matter diffusivity among healthy older adults

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Cell-specific abnormalities of glutamate transporters in schizophrenia: sick astrocytes and compensating relay neurons?

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Experimental Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Decreases Astrocyte Density and Changes Astrocytic Polarity in the CA1 Hippocampus of Male Rats

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Age, environment, object recognition and morphological diversity of GFAP-immunolabeled astrocytes

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Cocaine Self-Administration and Extinction Leads to Reduced Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression and Morphometric Features of Astrocytes in the Nucleus Accumbens Core

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Inflammatory Disequilibrium in Stroke

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Astroglia dynamics in ageing and Alzheimer's disease

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Defective glutamate and K+ clearance by cortical astrocytes in familial hemiplegic migraine type 2

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Astrocyte roles in traumatic brain injury

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Glycogen Distribution in the Microwave-Fixed Mouse Brain Reveals Heterogeneous Astrocytic Patterns

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Principles of Sodium Homeostasis and Sodium Signalling in Astroglia

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Spatial Organization of Astrocytes in Ferret Visual Cortex

Monica Lopez-Hidalgo et al.

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Fast type I interferon response protects astrocytes from flavivirus infection and virus-induced cytopathic effects

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Dysfunctional Calcium and Glutamate Signaling in Striatal Astrocytes from Huntington's Disease Model Mice

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Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration

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Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke

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Nimeshan Geevasinga et al.

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Functional diversity of astrocytes in neural circuit regulation

Lucile Ben Haim et al.

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Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: some similarities in two distinct diseases

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Reactive astrocytes and therapeutic potential in focal ischemic stroke

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Intrinsic Control of Axon Regeneration

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Purification and Characterization of Progenitor and Mature Human Astrocytes Reveals Transcriptional and Functional Differences with Mouse

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DENSITY OF GFAP-IMMUNOREACTIVE ASTROCYTES IS DECREASED IN LEFT HIPPOCAMPI IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

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The homeostatic astroglia emerges from evolutionary specialization of neural cells

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Lipocalin-2 as a therapeutic target for brain injury: An astrocentric perspective

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Astrogliosis: An integral player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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Fluoxetine Requires the Endfeet Protein Aquaporin-4 to Enhance Plasticity of Astrocyte Processes

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Dystrophin Distribution and Expression in Human and Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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Calcium imaging reveals glial involvement in transcranial direct current stimulation-induced plasticity in mouse brain

Hiromu Monai et al.

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Green-Fluorescent Protein+ Astrocytes Attach to Beta-Amyloid Plaques in an Alzheimer Mouse Model and Are Sensitive for Clasmatodendrosis

Nina Daschil et al.

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Ammonium increases Ca2+ signalling and upregulates expression of Cav1.2 gene in astrocytes in primary cultures and in the invivo brain

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Adolescent Intermittent Alcohol Exposure: Dysregulation of Thrombospondins and Synapse Formation are Associated with Decreased Neuronal Density in the Adult Hippocampus

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Astrocyte uncoupling as a cause of human temporal lobe epilepsy

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Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive implications

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Involvement of astrocyte metabolic coupling in Tourette syndrome pathogenesis

Christiaan de Leeuw et al.

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Targeting astrocytes in major depression

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GFAP and Vimentin Deficiency Alters Gene Expression in Astrocytes and Microglia in Wild-Type Mice and Changes the Transcriptional Response of Reactive Glia in Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease

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Conditional depletion of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 in astrocytes depresses the hypercapnic ventilatory response in mice

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Lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder: pharmacology and pharmacogenetics

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Diversity of astrocyte functions and phenotypes in neural circuits

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Rett syndrome: a complex disorder with simple roots

Matthew J. Lyst et al.

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Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation

Michael V. Sofroniew

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Loss of Glial Cells of the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Astroglial NMDA receptors inhibit expression of Kir4.1 channels in glutamate-overexposed astrocytes in vitro and in the brain of rats with acute liver failure

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Blockade of the GLT-1 Transporter in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Induces both Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms

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Astroglial Glutamate Transporter Deficiency Increases Synaptic Excitability and Leads to Pathological Repetitive Behaviors in Mice

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Cell type-specific in vivo expression of genes encoding signalling molecules in the brain in response to chronic mild stress and chronic treatment with fluoxetine

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Glial cells as key players in schizophrenia pathology: recent insights and concepts of therapy

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RASopathic astrocytes constrain neural plasticity

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Dysregulation of astrocyte extracellular signaling in Costello syndrome

Robert Krencik et al.

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Reduced density of glutamine synthetase immunoreactive astrocytes in different cortical areas in major depression but not in bipolar I disorder

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Astrocyte Depletion Impairs Redox Homeostasis and Triggers Neuronal Loss in the Adult CNS

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Targeting astrocytes in major depression

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Iron entry in neurons and astrocytes: a link with synaptic activity

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ATP Signaling in Brain: Release, Excitotoxicity and Potential Therapeutic Targets

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Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification Processes in Astrocytes

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Glial Asthenia and Functional Paralysis: A New Perspective on Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease

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Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

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Reversal of cognitive decline: A novel therapeutic program

Dale E. Bredesen

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Impairment of Paravascular Clearance Pathways in the Aging Brain

Benjamin T. Kress et al.

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Environmental Toxins and Parkinson's Disease

Samuel M. Goldman

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Synemin is expressed in reactive astrocytes and Rosenthal fibers in Alexander disease

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Transcriptional networks regulating the costamere, sarcomere, and other cytoskeletal structures in striated muscle

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Pathological Role for Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Astrocytes in Hepatic Encephalopathy

Vedrana Montana et al.

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Contributions of the Na+/K+-ATPase, NKCC1, and Kir4.1 to hippocampal K+ clearance and volume responses

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Microglia-Induced IL-6 Protects Against Neuronal Loss Following HSV-1 Infection of Neural Progenitor Cells

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Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver

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Neuronal and Glial Alterations, Increased Anxiety, and Cognitive Impairment Before Hippocampal Amyloid Deposition in PDAPP Mice, Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Juan Beauquis et al.

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Changes in CNS cells in Hyperammonemic portal hypertensive rats

Silvina Tallis et al.

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Astrocyte CCL2 sustains immune cell infiltration in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Roy Y. Kim et al.

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Abnormal Intracellular Calcium Signaling and SNARE-Dependent Exocytosis Contributes to SOD1G93A Astrocyte-Mediated Toxicity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Hibiki Kawamata et al.

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Synaptic Glutamate Spillover Due to Impaired Glutamate Uptake Mediates Heroin Relapse

Hao-wei Shen et al.

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Evidence for morphological alterations in prefrontal white matter glia in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Christa Hercher et al.

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Astrocyte pathology in the prefrontal cortex impairs the cognitive function of rats

A. Lima et al.

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Regulation of astrocyte activation by glycolipids drives chronic CNS inflammation

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GABA from reactive astrocytes impairs memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease

Seonmi Jo et al.

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Astrocyte Kir4.1 ion channel deficits contribute to neuronal dysfunction in Huntington's disease model mice

Xiaoping Tong et al.

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Longitudinal neurochemical modifications in the aging mouse brain measured in vivo by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Joao M. N. Duarte et al.

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Complex and region-specific changes in astroglial markers in the aging brain

Rodriguez et al.

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Acute isolation and transcriptome characterization of cortical astrocytes and microglia from young and aged mice

Marie Orre et al.

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Roles of Changes in Active Glutamine Transport in Brain Edema Development During Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Emerging Concept

Magdalena Zielinska et al.

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HCMV Induces Dysregulation of Glutamate Uptake and Transporter Expression in Human Fetal Astrocytes

Li Zhang et al.

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Reactive Gliosis and the Multicellular Response to CNS Damage and Disease

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Astrocytic inclusions in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration

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Astrocytic therapies for neuronal repair in stroke

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HIV-1 Entry and Trans-Infection of Astrocytes Involves CD81 Vesicles

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Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infects Rat Astrocytes but Does Not Affect Their Viability

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Early Activation of STAT3 Regulates Reactive Astrogliosis Induced by Diverse Forms of Neurotoxicity

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Astrocytes Refine Cortical Connectivity At Dendritic Spines

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Ca2+-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress correlates with astrogliosis in oligomeric amyloid -treated astrocytes and in a model of Alzheimer's disease

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Astrocyte glutamine synthetase: pivotal in health and disease

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Cognitive recovery and restoration of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in the 5XFAD transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease following 2-hydroxy-DHA treatment

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Coverage of Blood Vessels by Astrocytic Endfeet Is Reduced in Major Depressive Disorder

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α1-Adrenergic receptors mediate coordinated Ca2+ signaling of cortical astrocytes in awake, behaving mice

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Astrocyte Pathology in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights from Human Postmortem Brain Tissue

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Astrocyte decrease in the subgenual cingulate and callosal genu in schizophrenia

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Environmental enrichment prevents astroglial pathological changes in the hippocampus of APP transgenic mice, model of Alzheimer's disease

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Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury

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Ammonia triggers neuronal disinhibition and seizures by impairing astrocyte potassium buffering

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Altered Kir and gap junction channels in temporal lobe epilepsy

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Reinstatement of nicotine seeking is mediated by glutamatergic plasticity

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Enriched environment and physical activity reverse astrogliodegeneration in the hippocampus of AD transgenic mice

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Neuromyelitis optica IgG and natural killer cells produce NMO lesions in mice without myelin loss

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ERK Inhibition Rescues Defects in Fate Specification of Nf1-Deficient Neural Progenitors and Brain Abnormalities

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GFAP Isoforms in Adult Mouse Brain with a Focus on Neurogenic Astrocytes and Reactive Astrogliosis in Mouse Models of Alzheimer Disease

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins G enhance the mobility of Lysotracker-labelled vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes

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Voluntary Running and Environmental Enrichment Restores Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimers Disease

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Age-dependent decrease in glutamine synthetase expression in the hippocampal astroglia of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model: mechanism for deficient glutamatergic transmission?

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Astrocytes carrying the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) mutation induce wild-type motor neuron degeneration in vivo

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Astroglial networks scale synaptic activity and plasticity

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Markers of Glutamate Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity Are Increased in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Bipolar Disorder

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Alexander Disease Mutant Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Compromises Glutamate Transport in Astrocytes

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Glial pathology in an animal model of depression: reversal of stress-induced cellular, metabolic and behavioral deficits by the glutamate-modulating drug riluzole

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Selective induction of astrocytic gliosis generates deficits in neuronal inhibition

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Cognitive impairment in Gdi1-deficient mice is associated with altered synaptic vesicle pools and short-term synaptic plasticity, and can be corrected by appropriate learning training

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Astrocyte Function is Modified by Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology in Aged Mice

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The astrocytic response in early experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis occurs across both the grey and white matter compartments

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Degeneration in Different Parkinsonian Syndromes Relates to Astrocyte Type and Astrocyte Protein Expression

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Reactive Astrocytes Form Scar-Like Perivascular Barriers to Leukocytes during Adaptive Immune Inflammation of the CNS

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Uniquely Hominid Features of Adult Human Astrocytes

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Rab GTPases as coordinators of vesicle traffic

Harald Stenmark

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The glutamate homeostasis hypothesis of addiction

Peter W. Kalivas

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Astrocytes are a major target in thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy

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Functional and Evolutionary Insights into Human Brain Development through Global Transcriptome Analysis

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Down-regulation of GluK2 kainate receptor expression by chronic treatment with mood-stabilizing anti-convulsants or lithium in cultured astrocytes and brain, but not in neurons

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Assessment of Glutamate Transporter GLAST (EAAT1)-Deficient Mice for Phenotypes Relevant to the Negative and Executive/Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Expression of mutant huntingtin in mouse brain astrocytes causes age-dependent neurological symptoms

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Synchronous Hyperactivity and Intercellular Calcium Waves in Astrocytes in Alzheimer Mice

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Abnormal Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Neuronal-Glial Interactions in Acute Mania

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Glial Loss in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Sufficient to Induce Depressive-like Behaviors

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Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Motor Neurons Are Sensitive to the Toxic Effect of Glial Cells Carrying an ALS-Causing Mutation

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Astrocyte gp130 expression is critical for the control of Toxoplasma encephalitis

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Neurogenic exacerbation of microglial and astrocyte responses to Neisseria meningitidis and Borrelia burgdorferi

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The methylmercury-L-cysteine conjugate is a substrate for the L-type large neutral amino acid transporter

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Dysfunctional astrocytes as key players in the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders

Jacques De Keyser et al.

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Focal transplantation-based astrocyte replacement is neuroprotective in a model of motor neuron disease

Angelo C. Lepore et al.

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Astrocytes as determinants of disease progression in inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Koji Yamanaka et al.

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Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology

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Impaired Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Jose J. Rodriguez et al.

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Neurogenesis impairment and increased cell death reduce total neuron number in the hippocampal region of fetuses with Down syndrome

Sandra Guidi et al.

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Astrocyte metabolism and signaling during brain ischemia

David J. Rossi et al.

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Neurofibromatosis-1 regulates neuronal and glial cell differentiation from neuroglial progenitors in vivo by both cAMP- and ras-dependent mechanisms

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Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism

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Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis

Shanu F. Roemer et al.

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Astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutated SOD1 release factors selectively toxic to motor neurons

Makiko Nagai et al.

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Synemin is expressed in reactive astrocytes in neurotrauma and interacts differentially with vimentin and GFAP intermediate filament networks

Runfeng Jing et al.

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Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior

Robert Dantzer et al.

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Antidepressant-like effects of ceftriaxone in male C57BL/6J mice

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The cellular prion protein (PrPC): Its physiological function and role in disease

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Redefining the concept of reactive astrocytes as cells that remain within their unique domains upon reaction to injury

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Reduced glial and neuronal packing density in the orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol dependence and its relationship with suicide and duration of alcohol dependence

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Essential protective roles of reactive astrocytes in traumatic brain injury

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Innate and adaptive host response during the initial phase of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the neonatal mouse

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Glutamine: A Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity

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Astroglial plasticity in the hippocampus is affected by chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant Fluoxetine treatment

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Onset and progression in inherited ALS determined by motor neurons and microglia

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Toll-like receptor 3 on adult human astrocytes triggers production of neuroprotective mediators

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Redox proteomics identification of oxidatively modified hippocampal proteins in mild cognitive impairment: Insights into the development of Alzheimer's disease

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Mechanoporation induced by diffuse traumatic brain injury: An irreversible or reversible response to injury?

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Regional and cellular gene expression changes in human Huntington's disease brain

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Altered cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic signal transmission with glial involvement in depression

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Transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to axons via specific monocarboxylate transporters supports mouse optic nerve activity

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Astrocyte-associated axonal damage in pre-onset stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Ischemia-induced programmed cell death in astrocytes

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Circadian variation in GFAP immunoreactivity in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus

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Lead induces increased water permeability in astrocytes expressing aquaporin 4

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Interlaminar astroglia of the cerebral cortex: a marker of the primate brain

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Reactive astrocytes protect tissue and preserve function after spinal cord injury

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Functional changes of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 during ischemia:: An in vivo study in the hippocampal CA1 of normal mice and mutant mice lacking GLT-1

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Distribution of astrocytic plaques in the corticobasal degeneration brain and comparison with tuft-shaped astrocytes in the progressive supranuclear palsy brain

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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored ceruloplasmin is required for iron efflux from cells in the central nervous system

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Layer-specific reductions in GFAP-reactive astroglia in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia

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Accumulation of SOD1 mutants in postnatal motoneurons does not cause motoneuron pathology or motoneuron disease

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Oxygen and glucose deprivation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurones but not in astrocytes in primary culture

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Glutamate transporters alterations in the reorganizing dentate gyrus are associated with progressive seizure activity in chronic epileptic rats

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Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains

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Collapse of extracellular glutamate regulation during epileptogenesis: down-regulation and functional failure of glutamate transporter function in rats with chronic seizures induced by kainic acid

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Astroglia as metal depots: Molecular mechanisms for metal accumulation, storage and release

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Astrocytes degenerate in frontotemporal dementia: possible relation to hypoperfusion

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Postmortem studies in mood disorders indicate altered numbers of neurons and glial cells

G Rajkowska

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Effects of aluminum exposure on glutamate metabolism: A possible explanation for its toxicity

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DNA damage and activated caspase-3 expression in neurons and astrocytes: Evidence for apoptosis in frontotemporal dementia

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Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis

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Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies

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