Interaction of the variant in the adiponectin gene rs3774261 with serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels after 9 months with a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern

OBJECTIVE: The role of ADI-POQ gene variants on weight loss and serum lipid changes after a dietary intervention is an important topic area with little scientific evidence. We designed a study in order to analyze the effects of rs3774261 of ADIPOQ gene on metabolic response and adiposity parameters after a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet pattern for 9 months and with a high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 133 patients with obesity were enrolled. Adiposity parameters, blood pressure, and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR; glucose, C reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured, at basal time and after dietary intervention (3 and 9 months). All patients were genotyped rs3774261 and evaluated in a dominant model (AA vs. GA+AA). RESULTS: Genotype frequencies were 46 (34.6%) AA, 66 (49.6%) AG, and 21 (15.8%) GG. After dietary intervention and in both genotypes, BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin decreased. In patients with the AA genotype, there was a significant improvement at (3 and 9 months) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (-10.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dl vs. -5.6 +/- 1.7 mg/dl, p=0.01) (-19.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dl vs. -6.9 +/- 0.7 mg/dl, p=0.03), total cholesterol (-9.4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl vs. -5.8 +/- 0.9 mg/dl, p=0.02) (-17.4 +/- 1.8 mg/dl vs. -9.8 +/- 1.9 mg/dl, p=0.02), triglycerides (-12.3 +/- 0.8 mg/ dl vs. -8.0 +/- 0.9 mg/dl, p=0.01) (-26.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dl vs. -11.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl, p=0.01), C reactive protein (CRP) (-0.8 +/- 0.2 mg/ dl vs. -0.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl, p=0.01) (-1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/ dl vs. -0.7 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, p=0.01) and adiponectin (28.2 +/- 11.1 ng/ml vs. 4.1 +/- 2.8 ng/ml, p=0.02) (30.1 +/- 8.1 ng/ml vs. 7.1 +/- 4.8 ng/ml, p=0.02). Finally, higher values of adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio were detected at 3- and 9-months post-treatment in patients with AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: G allele carriers of ADIPOQ gene variant (rs3774261) showed no improvement in serum levels of adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and CRP after weight loss with a hypocaloric fat monounsaturated diet.

Automated summary

This study examined the effects of rs3774261 of the ADIPOQ gene on metabolic response and adiposity parameters after a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet pattern. The results showed that carriers of the AA genotype had significant improvements in lipid levels, inflammatory markers, and adiponectin levels after the dietary intervention, while carriers of the G allele did not show improvement.