Multicolored microwave absorbers with dynamic frequency modulation

Microwave-absorbing materials are extensively used in intelligent electronic devices and stealth technologies where the ability to dynamically adjust microwave-absorbing capacity in response to specific requirements is vitally important. Herein, we report a new approach for constructing dynamically tunable microwave absorbers with ultrawide tunable frequency ranges that are simultaneously endowed with vibrant structural colors. The methodology produces structural colors and adjusts absorption properties by constructing ZnO coatings with precisely adjustable thicknesses on a polypyrrole/melamine foam (PPy/MF) surface by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in conjunction with a pressure-driven strategy that regulates the compression ratio. The electrical conductivity, electromagnetic parameters, thickness, and pore size of the ZnO-coated PPy/MF (ZnO/PPy/MF) are effectively adjusted, and simply applying external pressure widens the tunable frequency range and the effective absorption bandwidth. As a result, the effective absorption frequency of ZnO/PPy/MF is dynamically adjustable from the S band to the Ku band, thereby covering 94.3% of the entire microwave spectrum. Moreover, the brilliant and uniform structural colors of ZnO/PPy/MF, which span various color categories, are precisely regulated by tuning the thickness of the ZnO coating by adjusting the number of ALD cycles. ZnO/PPy/MF is strongly hydrophobic, which endows it with remarkable self-cleaning properties. Therefore, ZnO/PPy/MF provides a conceptually novel platform for the development of next-generation smart microwave-absorbing materials due to its integrated dynamic frequency-regulating ability, brilliant structural coloration, and self-cleaning features.

Automated summary

This study introduces a new approach to construct dynamically tunable microwave absorbers with ultrawide frequency ranges and vibrant structural colors. By using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create ZnO coatings with adjustable thicknesses on a polypyrrole/melamine foam (PPy/MF) surface, and regulating the compression ratio through a pressure-driven strategy, the electrical conductivity, electromagnetic parameters, thickness, and pore size of the ZnO-coated PPy/MF (ZnO/PPy/MF) can be effectively adjusted. Applying external pressure widens the tunable frequency range and absorption bandwidth. The ZnO/PPy/MF material is hydrophobic and exhibits self-cleaning properties. This research provides a new platform for the development of smart microwave-absorbing materials with dynamic frequency-regulating ability, brilliant structural coloration, and self-cleaning features.