Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
JoAnn Bailor et al.
Summary: The omega phase in titanium and its alloys has been a subject of research interest since its discovery in 1954. The debate on the transformation mechanisms, particularly the beta-to-omega and omega-to-alpha phase transformations in beta-titanium alloy design, continues. Advanced characterization methods have led to improved spatial resolution and compositional sensitivity in phase transformation analysis.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fangjuan Qi et al.
Summary: The additive manufactured Ti6Al4V-xH titanium alloy was compressed at various temperatures and compression rates on a Gleeble 3800 testing machine. The experimental results showed that the flow stress of the alloy initially decreased and then gradually increased with increasing hydrogen content. At 0.27 wt% hydrogen content, the flow stress of the alloy was found to be the lowest. EBSD and TEM analysis revealed that the microstructure became larger and slip bands appeared in the alloy at this hydrogen content. Dislocation slip was identified as a significant deformation mechanism. As the hydrogen content continued to increase, the a phase in the alloy gradually decreased and a00 appeared at 0.81H. Therefore, appropriate hydrogen addition can effectively reduce the flow stress and improve the performance of the titanium alloy during hot deformation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mingyuan Zhang et al.
Summary: A novel sintering-deoxygenation process was proposed to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder with low-cost and low-grade materials. The sintering shrinkage was affected by temperature, holding time, and raw materials, while the oxygen content in precursors influenced the phase composition and diffraction peaks. The hydrogen-assisted Mg deoxygenation method effectively reduced the oxygen level in the final Ti-6Al-4V powders, meeting the requirements of GB/T 34486-2017.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shivam Pradeep Yadav et al.
Summary: This paper discusses the surface characteristics of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in high-speed dry machining and additive manufacturing (AM). The study shows that an increase in cutting speed leads to an increase in microparticle deposition and a decrease in surface roughness. Furthermore, changes in depth of cut and feed rate also affect the surface finish.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Abdolreza Simchi et al.
Summary: Additive manufacturing of biomedical materials provides opportunities for tissue engineering. However, the fabrication of high-density biomedical-grade titanium alloys with fine microstructure is challenging. This study investigates the effects of powder particle size and 3D printing conditions on the microstructural features and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and proposes a particle size distribution design to minimize powder aggregation and achieve high-density green parts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Shaohua Su et al.
Summary: This article investigates the impact of the sintering and hot isostatic pressing process on the microstructure and mechanical performances of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by MIM. The results indicate that the thickness of the dense layer, grain size, grain morphology, and grain orientation are key factors determining the mechanical performances. Under the optimized condition, Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibits outstanding mechanical performances with high tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinguo Ge et al.
Summary: Ti6Al4V triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) scaffolds with optimized microstructure and improved mechanical properties were achieved by selective laser melting (SLM) and vacuum annealing treatment (VAT). VAT transformed the microstructure of the scaffolds and enhanced their compression energy absorption capacity and tensile strength.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Zhi Wang et al.
Summary: This paper presents an overview of powder metallurgy (PM) titanium alloys, highlighting their advantages in terms of low cost, near-net-shape formability, and competitive mechanical properties compared with wrought titanium alloys. The state-of-the-art research on PM titanium alloys is discussed, including the basic fabricating processes, typical microstructure, and advanced mechanical properties. The selection criteria for the appropriate PM process for manufacturing specific components with defined material properties are also addressed. Furthermore, open and critical issues in the field of PM titanium alloy that require further research are identified.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hyeon-Tae Im et al.
Summary: This study fabricated ODS titanium powder in situ using a gas atomization method. Rod-shaped ingots were prepared through vacuum arc remelting, and then the ODS Ti powder was fabricated by electrode induction melting gas atomization. Thermodynamic calculations were conducted to determine the composition and content of the oxide that can dissolve in molten Ti and precipitate inside the powders. The results confirmed the feasibility of fabricating ODS Ti powder using the gas atomization method.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jinlong Su et al.
Summary: A novel multi-eutectoid elements alloying approach based on thermodynamic prediction is demonstrated to achieve refined microstructure and high strength in Ti alloys. Trace eutectoid alloy elements Co, Cr, and Ni were in-situ alloyed with the Ti-6Al-4V alloy through laser-directed energy deposition, resulting in superior combination of strength and ductility.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Soumyaranjan Nayak et al.
Summary: Ring rolling is an advanced metal forming process used to produce seamless rings. The distribution of strain and temperature in the ring cross-sections affects the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties. Ti-6Al-4V alloy preforms were rolled at elevated temperature under different roll feed rates. The microstructure and tensile response of the rings were evaluated, showing that the feed rate had a marginal effect on the microstructure but significant differences in grain sizes and texture evolution in different regions of the ring cross-section. The tensile strength of the ring varied with location according to the microstructural heterogeneity. This study provides important information for quality control and technical guidance in designing the ring rolling process for Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fan Kuang et al.
Summary: In this study, a high-performance Ti-6Al-4V alloy was fabricated from TiH2 and 60Al40V powder mixtures by powder metallurgy (PM) pressureless sintering and hot extrusion. The sintering temperature and hot extrusion microstructure were investigated, and their correlation with mechanical properties was analyzed. The results showed that the dehydrogenation of the mixed powder during sintering led to a fine, fully dense microstructure. The billets sintered at 1200 degrees C exhibited a denser lamellar microstructure, which contributed to improved strength and ductility after extrusion.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Wondwosen Demisse et al.
Summary: Surface finishing in additive manufacturing (AM) is a technological bottleneck that involves reducing roughness and adding coatings and sensors to AM parts. Surface roughness is a major obstacle, causing issues such as corrosion, incorrect tolerance estimations, and fatigue failure. Researchers worldwide are developing various surface finishing techniques to address these challenges and improve the microstructures of AM components.
PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Niroj Maharjan et al.
Summary: Industrial laser shock peening (LSP) is gradually moving away from using protective overlay as it is inefficient for production. However, peening of titanium alloys still requires protective coating. In this study, uncoated LSP of Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated and found to generate a thin oxide layer and a brittle alpha layer on the surface. Even though similar compressive residual stress was achieved as coated LSP, the fatigue performance did not improve due to microcracks in the alpha layer. Abrasive grinding to remove the alpha layer significantly increased fatigue life.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
T. Chen et al.
Summary: We discovered a new hierarchical microstructure in ultrastrong Ti-6Al-4V composite with TiC reinforcement fabricated via pressureless sintering. The hierarchical microstructure consists of primary thick β-Ti laths surrounding coarse equiaxed α-Ti zones, which consist of cellular structures with ultrafine equiaxed α-Ti matrix and nano/ultrafine β-Ti lamellar. The hierarchical structure originates from the inhibiting effect of nano TiC particles on β-Ti grain growth and their role as nucleation sites for α-Ti grains. The hierarchical composite exhibits ultrahigh tensile yield strength, surpassing Ti-6Al-4V alloy and its sintered composites.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Anand M. Murmu et al.
Summary: This study investigates the effect of ceria (CeO2) content on the microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of a titanium metal matrix composite (Ti6Al4V-ZrO2-CeO2) cladding. The addition of CeO2 refines the microstructure and promotes the in-situ formation of hard ceramic compounds, leading to significant changes in hardness, coefficient of friction, fracture toughness, and wear resistance of the cladding.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Niraj Nayan et al.
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence of X-ray radiography and fluorescent penetrant indications in a specific ring component of a propellant tank made from Ti6Al4V alloy. The results of non-destructive observations and microscopic analysis suggest that the defects can be attributed to a combination of raw material and deformation processing issues. These findings contribute to the understanding of quality factors and the improvement of manufacturing processes for Ti6Al4V propellant tank rings.
JOURNAL OF FAILURE ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenhua Hao et al.
Summary: This article introduces the process of producing spherical Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder using RF plasma spheroidization combined with mechanical alloying and spray granulation. The properties of the alloy powder were investigated, and the results showed that the obtained spherical Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder has excellent physical properties and meets the alloy standards.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lei Meng et al.
Summary: In this study, Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples with two bi-lamellar microstructures were prepared and analyzed. The alloy with higher Al concentration in the primary alpha lamellae and finer scale of beta t structure lamellae exhibited higher nano hardness and yield strength. The hardening mechanism mainly comes from the hardening of alpha and beta(t) lamellae, as well as the heterostructure induced hardening, while the significantly higher flow stress induced a higher degree of trans-lamellar twinning.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiu-Qun Wang et al.
Summary: Titanium is a promising biomedical material due to its corrosion resistance, low elastic modulus, and biocompatibility. However, its inferior abrasion performance and strength-ductility trade-off limit its application as biomedical implants. Researchers have developed an oxygen-charging method to fabricate a beta-Ti alloy with ultrahigh surface hardness, strength, toughness, and wear resistance. The unique oxygen gradient distribution in the alloy contributes to its superior mechanical performance, resisting surface crack propagation and catastrophic failure.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Karimi et al.
Summary: This study aimed to enhance the surface quality and mechanical properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) by applying laser remelting. The research found that increasing the number of remelting steps can improve fatigue strength, strength, and wear resistance of the parts significantly.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiming Lv et al.
Summary: This research investigated the influences of laser shock peening (LSP) on the residual stress state, microstructures, and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The results showed that LSP treatment adjusted the residual stress from tensile to compressive state and promoted the formation of high-density dislocations and parallel nano mechanical twins (nano-MTs) in the coarse lamellar alpha' structures, resulting in grain refinement. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the SLMed Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased by approximately 14.3% and 18.3% after LSP treatment, respectively. The study revealed that the combination of high levels of compressive residual stress and grain refinement achieved by LSP contributed to the enhancement of both strength and ductility in the alloy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tieyuan Bian et al.
Summary: The plastic elongation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples is successfully improved from 1.0% to 3.2% through heat-treatment. The formation of acicular alpha phase, which is harmful for the ductility, is suppressed by quenching and effectively eliminated. Moreover, the transformation of beta phase into a lamellar structure in the water quenching process contributes to the improved ductility.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qinyang Zhao et al.
Summary: High-strength titanium alloys (HS-TAs) are crucial structural materials for advanced engineering applications. Achieving the synergy of high strength, high ductility, and high toughness has been identified as a technical bottleneck. Two primary strategies, developing novel alloys and innovating processing technologies, have been initiated to overcome this challenge. This review provides an overview of the research status, processing and heat treatment technologies, phase transformation, processing-microstructure-property correlation, and strengthening-toughening mechanism of HS-TAs for aerospace engineering applications.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Guangxian Li et al.
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the machinability of titanium alloys fabricated by various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. By analyzing factors such as cutting forces, surface finish, and tool wear, it was found that the improvement in mechanical properties of AMed Ti resulted in higher cutting forces and temperatures, which significantly affected tool wear and surface quality. However, there is limited literature on significantly improving the machinability of AMed Ti components, suggesting a need for future research.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Taeheon Kim et al.
Summary: Ca vapor deoxidation is important for ensuring the quality of Ti and its alloys by reducing oxygen content and improving surface properties. It results in the formation of Ca oxide layer and increased surface roughness, which further promotes oxygen diffusion and reactions with Ti/Al elements.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinyu Shen et al.
Summary: A hard and thick surface strengthening layer with high interfacial bonding strength was prepared using self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) combined with hot pressing sintering (HPS) process. The study provides important insights into the design of novel titanium alloy surface modification processes.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Dong Zhao-wang et al.
Summary: This study successfully prepared high-purity Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder through a two-step reduction process and investigated the effect of heat treatment temperature on the morphology and composition uniformity of the powder. The experimental results met the standard specification of Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM F1108-09).
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Taeheon Kim et al.
Summary: A new deoxidation in solid-state (DOSS) process was conducted in atmospheric-pressure argon to decrease the oxygen concentration of Ti powder to 750 ppm. The surface deoxidation reaction of Ti powder was achieved by the formation and decomposition of Ca-Ti-O ternary compound.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nicholas Derimow et al.
Summary: XPS and SEM/TEM analysis were conducted on Ti-6Al-4V powders with different oxygen contents to investigate the effects of reuse on powder characteristics. The results showed a decrease in TiO2 and an increase in Al2O3 on the surface of reused powders, which is consistent with thermodynamics. Additionally, a higher amount of nitrogen and nitride was found on the surface of Grade 23 powders as a function of reuse.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Myoung Youp Song et al.
Summary: In this study, the activation energy for dehydrogenation of Mg-5Ni samples was determined using thermal analysis methods and the Kissinger equation. Hydrogen release quantity and reactor temperature were measured, dehydrogenation rate and temperature change rate were calculated, and the activation energy was obtained.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guanghua Xu et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the multi-pass hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy ingot produced via EBCHM, and explores the optimal thermomechanical processing parameters. The results show that the deformation temperature and strain rate have significant effects on the flow stress and microstructure of the alloy. The DRX mechanism under specific deformation conditions has a significant grain refinement effect.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kun Zhao et al.
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism and kinetics of an aluminothermic reduction process using Na2TiF6 to prepare TiAl alloy powder. The results showed that the reduction reaction was exothermic. Thermal analysis was used to calculate the kinetic parameters and exothermic reaction rate equation, and XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses were conducted to discuss the reduction mechanism and product evolution process.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Randolph C. V. McGee et al.
Summary: The modification of Ti-6Al-4V powder surface through gas-nitriding at different temperatures and hold times resulted in lower surface oxygen content and improved material properties. Analysis indicated the removal of oxides and an increase in the atomic N/O and Ti/O ratios at the surface. Nitriding improved powder performance during cold spray deposition.
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