Complete spectrum of adverse events associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have been approved by FDA to treat relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. However, the adverse effects of CAR-T cell therapies are complex and can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this review, we summarize the major adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and CAR T-cell associated HLH (carHLH), and discuss their pathophysiology, symptoms, grading, and diagnosis systems, as well as management. In a future outlook, we also provide an overview of measures and modifications to CAR-T cells that are currently being explored to limit toxicity.

Automated summary

This article provides a summary of the adverse effects of CAR-T cell therapies, including cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and CAR T-cell associated HLH. It discusses the pathophysiology, symptoms, grading, and diagnosis systems, as well as management strategies. The article also gives an overview of measures and modifications currently being explored to limit toxicity in CAR-T cells.