The effect of low-carbon pilot policy on low-carbon technological innovation in China: Reexamining the porter hypothesis using difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy

The Porter hypothesis predicts that the win-win goals of environmental improvement and economic perfor-mance can be achieved though technological innovation, but it remains to be tested in elaborated ways. Explicitly identifying the role of environmental regulation and finely clarifying the scope of technological innovation have become two important prerequisites for accurately testing the Porter hypothesis. Taking China's Low-carbon Pilot Policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper constructs a difference-in-differ-ence-in-differences (DDD) strategy to identify the environmental regulation, and selects the low-carbon technological innovation which may be more dependent on Low-carbon Pilot Policy as the explanatory vari-able, to reexamine the Porter hypothesis in China. Based on the data of listed companies in China from 2007 to 2016, this paper conducts substantial empirical studies on effect estimation, robustness test and het-erogeneity analysis. The results show that the Low-carbon Pilot Policy significantly promotes the low-carbon technological innovation of enterprises in high-carbon emission industries in pilot cities. The robustness test also verifies the reliability of those results which confirms the validity of Porter hypothesis. However, the heterogeneity analysis finds that the testing results of Porter hypothesis may vary depending on firms' characteristics. The Low-carbon Pilot Policy has a positive and significant effect on the enterprises in eastern regions or in the cities with higher R&D investment, it can also promote non-state-owned enterprises' inno-vation significantly. This paper may contribute to understand more about Porter hypothesis in China and offer strategies for more accurately testing on Potter hypothesis.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Automated summary

This study examines the Porter hypothesis through China's Low-carbon Pilot Policy and finds that the policy significantly promotes low-carbon technological innovation in industries with high carbon emissions in pilot cities. However, the testing results may vary depending on firms' characteristics.