Applicability of a gas chromatograph-photoionization detection analyzer for the continuous monitoring of 1,3-butadiene in urban and industrial atmospheres

This study focuses on the implementation of a gas chromatograph-photoionization detection (GC-PID) analyzer for the continuous monitoring of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) levels in urban and industrial atmospheres. Its aim was twofold. First, feasibility assays were carried out during a sampling period of 8 days in an industrial atmosphere. The values recorded with the GC-PID analyzer were compared with those obtained by active and passive sampling followed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). The 6-h average concentrations of 1,3-BD recorded with the GC-PID analyzer were comparable with those obtained by active sampling. The concentration peaks determined with both methodologies coincided in concentration values and time slots. The 8-day average concentrations of 1,3-BD found with the three methodologies applied were also similar. Secondly, the applicability of the GC-PID analyzer in urban atmospheres was tested in Constanti, a town near the petrochemical zone of Tarragona. Individual 1,3-BD concentrations were in the range of below MDL and 49 mu g m(-3) with 99% of the values being below 2 mu g m(-3). The results were shown to be strictly related to prevailing wind direction and activities carried out in the petrochemical zone under study. Other factors affecting the distribution of this pollutant in the atmosphere, i.e. UV radiation and ozone and nitrogen oxides concentrations, were relegated to the background.

Automated summary

This study focuses on the implementation of a gas chromatograph-photoionization detection (GC-PID) analyzer for the continuous monitoring of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) levels in urban and industrial atmospheres. The study found that the concentrations of 1,3-BD recorded by the GC-PID analyzer were comparable to those obtained by active sampling, and the concentration peaks showed consistency in values and time slots. In the test of urban atmospheres, the results showed that the concentrations of 1,3-BD were related to prevailing wind direction and activities in the petrochemical zone, while other factors had minor effects on the distribution of this pollutant.