Investigation of the Optimum Baseline Blood Pressure for Spinal Anesthesia to Guide Vasopressor Management for Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Case-Control Design

Background: Current guidelines recommend prophylactic vasopressor administration during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery to maintain intraoperative blood pressure above 90% of the baseline value. We sought to determine the optimum baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) reading to guide the management of spinal hypotension. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from normotensive patients presenting for elective cesarean delivery in a tertiary care institution from October 2018 to August 2020. We compared the magnitude of hypotension in patients who reported nausea versus those who did not, using a case-control design. Baseline MAPs at last office visit, morning of surgery, or operating room (pre-spinal) were determined. We calculated the duration and degree of hypotension using the area under the curve (AUC) when the MAP of the respective patient was below 90% of each baseline. Results: The patients who experienced nausea (n=45) had longer and more profound periods of hypotension than those who did not develop nausea (n= 240). A comparison of AUC using MAP baseline at the last office visit or on the morning of surgery showed a statistically significant between-group difference, P=0.02, and P=0.005, respectively, and no significant between-group difference when 90% of the MAP baseline in the operating room was used. Conclusions: Patients had the highest preoperative MAP in the operating room and the AUC was similar for those with and without nausea when the pre-spinal MAP baseline was used. Therefore, maintaining higher intraoperative blood pressure using individual pre-spinal MAP as baseline should reduce intraoperative maternal nausea.

Automated summary

Maintaining higher intraoperative blood pressure using individual pre-spinal MAP as baseline can reduce the occurrence of maternal nausea during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Using pre-spinal MAP as the baseline reference value in intraoperative blood pressure monitoring can effectively guide the management of hypotension.