Fabrication of biocompatible graphene oxide layered zirconium-organic frameworks entrapped magnetic bio-hybrid beads for defluoridation of water

Fluorine in the form fluoride is one the few elements that could cause healthiness trouble with together its insufficiency and surplus intake. For instance, the surplus fluoride in potable water leads to fluorosis. In this present study, magnetic iron oxide/graphene oxide/alginate/zirconium-organic frameworks (MGOAZ) based hybrid beads were fabricated and it was applied for defluoridation experiments. Several instrumental characterization techniques like EDAX, XPS, FTIR, SEM and XRD were studied to find the surface properties (physical and chemical) of fabricated MGOAZ beads material. Batch fluoride adsorption tests were performed to notice the fluoride adsorption action. The maximum defluoridation capacity (DC) of developed MGOAZ beads was attained at pH 7. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm equilibrium data for fluoride adsorption of the developed MGOAZ beads were vitally followed by pseudo-second-order/intraparticle and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic exploration exhibited that the adsorption route by MGOAZ beads was endothermic with spontaneous nature. Moreover, electrostatic attraction and complexation mechanism possess substantial role during fluoride adsorption onto the developed MGOAZ beads. Moreover, the regeneration performance and field suitability of MGOAZ beads was discussed in detail.

Automated summary

In this study, hybrid beads based on magnetic iron oxide/graphene oxide/alginate/zirconium-organic frameworks (MGOAZ) were fabricated and applied for defluoridation experiments. The results showed that the MGOAZ beads had the highest defluoridation capacity at pH 7. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm equilibrium data followed the pseudo-second-order/intraparticle and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic exploration revealed that the adsorption process by MGOAZ beads was endothermic and spontaneous. Electrostatic attraction and complexation mechanism played a substantial role in fluoride adsorption onto the MGOAZ beads.