Synthesis and characterization of dithiocarbamate carbon nanotubes for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions

A new carbon nanotube (CNT) composite, dithiocarbamate groups functionalized multi-walled CNT (DTC-MWCNT), was prepared by reaction of oxidized MWCNT with ethylenediamine and carbon disulfide. The physical structure and chemical properties of DTC-MWCNT were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption performance of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto DTC-MWCNT was evaluated. The adsorption conditions such as pH value, adsorption time and initial concentration were systematically investigated. The adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism were discussed in detail. The results indicated that the adsorption process matched well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The values of Delta G(q) and Delta H-theta calculated from the experiment data indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. DTC-MWCNT possesses higher maximum adsorption capacities for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of 167.2, 98.1 and 11.2 mg/g, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.