Emerging roles of melatonin in mitigating salinity stress of legumes

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) is a multi-functional molecule that is distributed in all living organisms and it performs essential roles in environmental stress tolerance. Salt stress enhances the rapid accumulation of melatonin in plants. Melatonin provides resistance to salt stress by manipulating various regulatory mechanisms at the biochemical and molecular levels throughout different plant developmental stages. Conventionally, legumes are consumed along with cereal-based staples to ensure wholesome nutri-tional intake. After confirming their nutritional and health-promoting effects, recently their demand is con-stantly increasing. This has guided the researchers to focus on developing legumes to cope with the changing climate scenario. In legumes, melatonin concentration varies from crop to crop under salt stress. This review emphasizes melatonin biosynthesis in plants with a special focus on legumes and their responses to endoge-nous and exogenous melatonin application. This manuscript also throws light on the physiological, biochem-ical, and molecular basis of melatonin-mediated salinity stress tolerance in legumes. The future directions for enhancing the salt stress tolerance in legumes are also discussed. As, Melatonin promotes germination potential, seedling biomass, photosynthesis rate, pod number, and yield of legumes under the influence of salinity stress, this review can provide insights for using melatonin to develop salt stress tolerant legumes for sustainable food production.(c) 2023 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This article discusses the biosynthesis of melatonin in plants, with a particular focus on legumes, and explores the responses of legumes to endogenous and exogenous melatonin application. The article also explores the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of melatonin-mediated salinity stress tolerance in legumes, as well as future directions for enhancing salt stress tolerance in legumes.