4.1 Review

Shugoshin Regulates Cohesin, Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments, and Chromosomal Instability

Journal

CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH
Volume 162, Issue 6, Pages 283-296

Publisher

KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000528141

Keywords

Shugoshin; Meiosis; Mitosis; Cohesin; Kinetochore-microtubule connection; Chromosomal instability

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This review focuses on the specific mechanisms of shugoshin in regulating cohesin, kinetochore-microtubule connections, and chromosomal instability.
Correct regulation of cohesin at chromosome arms and centromeres and accurate kinetochore-microtubule connections are significant for proper chromosome segregation. At anaphase of meiosis I, cohesin at chromosome arms is cleaved by separase, leading to the separation of homologous chromosomes. However, at anaphase of meiosis II, cohesin at centromeres is cleaved by separase, leading to the separation of sister chromatids. Shugoshin-2 (SGO2) is a member of the shugoshin/ MEI-S332 protein family in mammalian cells, a crucial protein that protects centromeric cohesin from cleavage by separase and corrects wrong kinetochore-microtubule connections before anaphase of meiosis I. Shugoshin-1 (SGO1) plays a similar role in mitosis. Moreover, shugoshin can inhibit the occurrence of chromosomal instability (CIN), and its abnormal expression in several tumors, such as triple-negative breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, glioma, and acute myeloid leukemia, can be used as biomarker for disease progression and potential therapeutic targets for cancers. Thus, this review discusses the specific mechanisms of shugoshin which regulates cohesin, kinetochore-microtubule connections, and CIN. (c) 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel

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