Developing formal pit-latrine emptying businesses for hard-to-serve customers: resources, methods, and pricing structures

Article Water Resources

Time and motion assessment of pit-emptying operations in Kigali, Rwanda

Bruce Rutayisire et al.

Summary: In order to ensure sanitation for all by 2030, improvements need to be made to fecal sludge collection services in low-income urban areas with no sewer connections. One major issue is the gap between the willingness to pay of low-income households and the cost of emptying services in these areas. Lowering costs and increasing efficiency through process optimization and technology innovation can address these challenges, especially in cases where informal settlements are inaccessible by road.

JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT (2022)

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Article Development Studies

Adequacy of vacuum and non-vacuum technologies for emptying faecal sludge from informal settlements of Kampala City

Swaib Semiyaga et al.

Summary: This study examines the adequacy of vacuum and non-vacuum emptying technologies used in informal settlements of Kampala. The results show that vacuum trucks are primarily used for emptying in informal settlements, and they require less time compared to non-vacuum technologies.

HABITAT INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Evaluation of Business Models for Fecal Sludge Emptying and Transport in Informal Settlements of Kampala, Uganda

Shirish Singh et al.

Summary: This study developed an evaluation framework for sustainable business models of fecal sludge emptying and transport in informal settlements in Kampala. Through interviews and consultations, service delivery challenges were identified and included in the framework. The framework tested six service criteria and fifteen service sub-criteria on different business models.

WATER (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Regulating sanitation services in sub-saharan africa: An overview of the regulation of emptying and transport of faecal sludge in 20 cities and its implementation

Alix Lerebours et al.

Summary: Onsite sanitation is widely used in Sub-Saharan African cities, with safe transportation and emptying of faecal sludge being essential for healthy cities. Research on regulatory mechanisms in 20 cities across SSA shows diversity in tools and capabilities, concluding that incremental and pragmatic change is needed for fully regulated services. Adequate implementation is facilitated by support and incentive mechanisms, and participation of all stakeholders.

UTILITIES POLICY (2021)

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Article Water Resources

Risk of adenovirus and Cryptosporidium ingestion to sanitation workers in a municipal scale non-sewered sanitation process: a case study from Kigali, Rwanda

Rachel Sklar et al.

Summary: Sanitation workers play a crucial role in safeguarding public health, but they are at risk of occupational exposure to fecal pathogens, especially during waste collection where the probability of disease is highest due to adenovirus exposure. The study highlights the utility of pathogen-to-indicator ratios in predicting the risk of adenovirus, while predicting Cryptosporidium concentration is challenging due to variable detection rates.

JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The role of emptying services in provision of safely managed sanitation: A classification and quantification of the needs of LMICs

Nicola Greene et al.

Summary: A Service Typology was developed to classify and quantify the primary emptying service needs of household level onsite sanitation facilities, finding the types and densities of facilities in different regions and countries. These results can guide investment priorities and policy framing to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health