Phytotherapeutic Potential of Rutin Against Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicities in Preclinical Models

Flavonoids are vital components of food and are therefore an essential part of the human diet. Chronological and epidemiological confirmations recommend flavonoids in diet plans for positive health benefits. Rutin is a bioflavonoid that is abundantly present in fruits and vegetables have been discussed for several decades because of its potential for the treatment and prevention of diseases. In this review article, we explicate its antioxidant mechanism and the broad-spectrum properties to alleviate different chemical or drug-induced toxicities including reproductive toxicity, lung injury, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Rutin exerted its protective action via different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways, including Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, NF-kappa B/I kappa B, TGF-beta 1, p38, BAX/Bcl-2, JNK/ERK, and JAK-STAT. Rutin is the most encouraging flavonoid for disease prevention and therapy; however, many of the effects still need to be confirmed by human intervention trials. Overall, we provide an overview of possible mechanisms of rutin's protective effects against various toxicants. This will help to develop rutin as a phytotherapeutic for the management of different toxicities.

Automated summary

Rutin, a bioflavonoid present in fruits and vegetables, exhibits broad-spectrum properties in alleviating various toxicities. It exerts its protective effects through different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. Rutin is a promising flavonoid for disease prevention and therapy, but human intervention trials are needed to confirm its effects.