Journal
XENOBIOTICA
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2286597
Keywords
Cytochrome P450; drug-metabolizing enzymes; mouse liver; RNA-seq; Toxoplasma infection
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Chronic Toxoplasma infection affects drug metabolism by altering the gene expressions of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including P450s.
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease affecting warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide. Many drug-metabolizing enzymes are located in the liver, a major organ of drug metabolism, and their function can be affected by pathogen infection.Using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), changes in the hepatic expressions of drug-metabolizing enzymes were analysed in mice chronically infected with T. gondii. The analysis found that, among drug-metabolizing enzymes, 22 genes were upregulated and 28 genes were downregulated (>= 1.5-fold); of these 5 and 17 genes, respectively, were cytochromes P450 (Cyp or P450).Subsequent qPCR analysis showed that six P450 genes were upregulated significantly (>= 1.5-fold, p < 0.05), namely, Cyp1b1, Cyp2c29, Cyp2c65, Cyp2d9, Cyp2d12, and Cyp3a59, whereas nine P450 genes were downregulated significantly (>= 1.5-fold, p < 0.05), namely, Cyp2c38, Cyp2c39, Cyp2c44, Cyp2c69, Cyp2d40, Cyp2e1, Cyp3a11, Cyp3a41, and Cyp3a44.Moreover, metabolic assays in infected mouse liver using typical P450 substrates revealed that midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and testosterone 2-hydroxylation activities decreased significantly (>= 1.5-fold, p < 0.05), whereas testosterone 16-hydroxylation activity increased significantly (>= 1.5-fold, p < 0.05).Chronic Toxoplasma infection affects drug metabolism, at least partly, by altering the gene expressions of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including P450s.
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