4.8 Review

Atmospheric nanoparticle growth

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Lucia Caudillo et al.

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The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

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Summary: NPF is a significant source of atmospheric particles, with rates in polluted boundary layer driven by the formation of sulfuric acid-base clusters stabilized by amines, high ammonia concentrations, and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products play a minor role in NPF in urban environments, but are important for particle growth and survival of newly formed particles. The study provides quantitative information on NPF in diverse urban environments and helps interpret future ambient observations in polluted atmospheres.

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Zeppelin-led study on the onset of new particle formation in the planetary boundary layer

Janne Lampilahti et al.

Summary: Observations of aerosol particle formation and growth were compared in different parts of the planetary boundary layer in two environments with frequent new particle formation events. The study showed that the onset of regional NPF and the subsequent growth of aerosol particles occurred almost uniformly inside the mixed layer, with local enhancement in NPF intensity in Hyytiala caused by mesoscale boundary layer dynamics. Additionally, NPF may have been occurring above the mixed layer in Hyytiala.

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Is reducing new particle formation a plausible solution to mitigate particulate air pollution in Beijing and other Chinese megacities?

Markku Kulmala et al.

Summary: Atmospheric gas-to-particle conversion plays a crucial role in haze formation in Chinese megacities, with over 65% of haze particles resulting from new particle formation. Reducing the subsequent growth rate of newly formed particles can delay haze episodes and improve air quality.

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Towards understanding the characteristics of new particle formation in the Eastern Mediterranean

Rima Baalbaki et al.

Summary: The study shows that NPF is a very frequent phenomenon in Cyprus, with distinct seasonality. NPF events have both local and regional origins, with some events exhibiting particle shrinkage.

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Emerging Investigator Series: COVID-19 lockdown effects on aerosol particle size distributions in northern Italy

Jiali Shen et al.

Summary: Lockdown measures in Italy significantly reduced human activity and traffic intensity, resulting in decreased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, benzene, and toluene, while ozone concentrations slightly increased. However, particulate matter mass concentrations showed no significant changes. New particle formation frequency increased in urban areas during lockdown, but remained stable in regional background sites.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES (2021)

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Modeling the effect of reduced traffic due to COVID-19 measures on air quality using a chemical transport model: impacts on the Po Valley and the Swiss Plateau regions

Giancarlo Ciarelli et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has created serious challenges for global communities, leading to various lockdown measures imposed by governments. Research in northern Italy and Switzerland found that these lockdown measures significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter concentrations, highlighting the importance of different emission categories in affecting air quality levels. Additionally, the study showed a mild increase in secondary organic aerosol concentrations due to an increase in the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere.

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Implementing a sectional scheme for early aerosol growth from new particle formation in the Norwegian Earth System Model v2: comparison to observations and climate impacts

Sara M. Blichner et al.

Summary: Aerosol-cloud interactions play a significant role in climate change estimates, with uncertainties surrounding the contribution of new particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei and how this changes with anthropogenic emissions. Implementing a sectional scheme for early growth can improve aerosol number concentration in Earth system models.

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Measurement report: Molecular composition and volatility of gaseous organic compounds in a boreal forest - from volatile organic compounds to highly oxygenated organic molecules

Wei Huang et al.

Summary: The study conducted at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II in a boreal forest in southern Finland investigated the molecular composition and volatility of gaseous organic compounds. Combining different measurement techniques provided a more comprehensive understanding of the organic compounds' volatility, with VOCs being the most abundant class and condensable organic compounds playing a significant role in new particle formation.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

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The important roles of surface tension and growth rate in the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration: evidence from field measurements in southern China

Mingfu Cai et al.

Summary: The study investigated the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and its controlling factors, with results showing that high formation rate, growth rate, and low background particle concentration lead to an increase in newly formed particle number concentration. The growth rate was found to have the most significant impact on CCN activation.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

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Analysis of secondary organic aerosol simulation bias in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2.1)

Yaman Liu et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the CESM2.1 climate model in simulating Organic Aerosol (OA) concentrations, finding that the model reproduced interannual variability and seasonal cycles of OA well but tended to overestimate in summer and underestimate in winter. Sensitivity simulations revealed that modeling bias was primarily related to the dominant fraction of monoterpene-formed secondary organic aerosol (SOA), with a strong positive correlation between monoterpene emission and modeling bias in the eastern US during summer. The model also struggled to accurately represent vertical profiles of OA and monoterpene concentrations.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

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Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Xiaojing Shen et al.

Summary: The primary emissions of particles and precursors in China significantly decreased during the COVID-19 lockdown period, but accumulation mode particles increased due to secondary aerosol formation. Enhanced new particle formation events, higher concentration of condensing vapors, and decreased condensation sink led to an increase in nanoparticle number concentration during the pandemic.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

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Impacts of coagulation on the appearance time method for new particle growth rate evaluation and their corrections

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Summary: The study explores the influences of coagulation on estimating the growth rate of sub-3 nm particles and proposes new formulae to correct for these impacts. Under simulation conditions, the corrected growth rate aligns with theoretical rates. Uncorrected parameters could impact the growth rate obtained with the appearance time method.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

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A global model perturbed parameter ensemble study of secondary organic aerosol formation

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Summary: The study used a global model with 60 simulations to explore the impact of different parameter combinations on secondary organic aerosol formation. The model showed deficiencies in simulating particle number concentrations and organic aerosol mass, while also identifying the compounds with the strongest influence on the simulation results.

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On the calibration of FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS: importance and impact of calibrant delivery for the particle-phase calibration

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Summary: This study identified a major source of error in the widely used syringe deposition calibration method that may lead to an overestimation of saturation vapour pressures. A new volatility calibration method using atomized calibration compounds was proposed, which showed significant differences in observed T-max values compared to the syringe method at the lowest solution concentration. The results highlight the importance of accurate calibration methods when deriving the volatility basis set from measurements of secondary organic aerosols.

ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES (2021)

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Sulfuric acid-amine nucleation in urban Beijing

Runlong Cai et al.

Summary: Based on long-term atmospheric measurements in Beijing, it was found that the collision of H2SO4-amine clusters is the dominant mechanism for initiating NPF in urban environments, while high aerosol concentration limits the rate of new particle formation. Additionally, in Beijing, the formation of H2SO4-amine clusters is sometimes restricted by low amine concentrations.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

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Determination of the collision rate coefficient between charged iodic acid clusters and iodic acid using the appearance time method

Xu-Cheng He et al.

Summary: Ions enhance the formation rate of atmospheric aerosol particles, which play an important role in Earth's radiative balance. Ion-induced nucleation involves the stepwise accretion of neutral monomers onto a molecular cluster containing an ion, which helps to stabilize the cluster against evaporation. The experimental results from the CERN CLOUD chamber show that the collision rate coefficient between neutral iodic acid monomers and charged iodic acid molecular clusters is close to the expectation from the surface charge capture theory.

AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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The importance of Aitken mode aerosol particles for cloud sustenance in the summertime high Arctic - a simulation study supported by observational data

Ines Bulatovic et al.

Summary: The study reveals that Aitken mode particles have a significant impact on the microphysical and radiative properties of stratiform mixed-phase clouds in the high Arctic during summer, particularly in sustaining the clouds when accumulation mode concentrations are low. The findings also emphasize the importance of understanding Aitken mode particle formation, chemical properties, and emissions in clean environments such as the high Arctic.

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Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2002)

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An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions -: art. no. 4622

H Vehkamäki et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2002)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Identification of an organic coating on marine aerosol particles by TOF-SIMS

H Tervahattu et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2002)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Condensation and coagulation sinks and formation of nucleation mode particles in coastal and boreal forest boundary layers -: art. no. 8097

M Dal Maso et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2002)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions

CD O'Dowd et al.

NATURE (2002)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Determination of nucleation and growth rates from observation of a SO2 induced atmospheric nucleation event -: art. no. 4123

B Verheggen et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2002)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation

I Bey et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2001)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Iodine oxide homogeneous nucleation: An explanation for coastal new particle production

T Hoffmann et al.

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2001)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Size distributions of 3-10 nm atmospheric particles: implications for nucleation mechanisms

PH McMurry et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2000)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Diffusion of H2SO4 in humidified nitrogen:: Hydrated H2SO4

DR Hanson et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A (2000)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Phase transitions of aqueous atmospheric particles

ST Martin

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2000)