Related references
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Article
Immunology
Moe Kawashima et al.
Summary: Intensive vaccination is recommended for vulnerable populations to COVID-19, but data on dialysis patients' immunity after vaccination are lacking. This study examined antibody levels, neutralizing activity, and interferon gamma levels in dialysis patients after receiving the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. The study found that most dialysis patients developed both humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Anna Creus-Cuadros et al.
Summary: The global outbreak of coronavirus disease has prompted scientists from different disciplines to collaborate and investigate a common goal. In this forum, we explore the diverse impacts of microbiota, malnutrition, and immunity on the severity of the disease, emphasizing the significance of a multi-omics approach to study them from a gut-systemic perspective.
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Jillian R. R. Jaycox et al.
Summary: mRNA-based vaccines reduce the occurrence and severity of COVID-19, but may have rare adverse effects. This study investigates whether these vaccines can also promote the development of autoantibodies, particularly in autoimmune patients. The researchers found that most individuals generate robust virus-specific antibody responses after vaccination, but autoimmune patients on certain immunosuppression methods have impaired immune responses. The dynamics of autoantibodies are stable in vaccinated patients, unlike COVID-19 patients who exhibit an increased prevalence of new autoantibody reactivities.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qianli Wang et al.
Summary: This study estimates that maternally derived immunity against measles lasts for 2.4 months, and vaccine-induced immunity falls below the protective threshold at 14.3 years. Administering an additional catch-up dose of the measles vaccine between 8 months and 5 years reduces the incidence of seroreversion. These findings can inform immunization schedules and strategies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Article
Immunology
Kelly M. O'Shea et al.
Summary: This study examines the degree of immune protection against Delta and Omicron variants provided by infection and vaccination with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. The results show that individuals with both infection and vaccination have the highest neutralizing antibody levels against all variants, and neutralization of Omicron is better correlated with evidence of prior infection. This suggests that better protection against Omicron is observed in those with both vaccination and previous infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Immunology
Yuta Tani et al.
Summary: A study in Fukushima, Japan, evaluated the proportion of individuals with cellular immunity after booster vaccination using the T-SPOT.COVID test. It was found that 64.3% of participants had reactive cellular immunity, with age<40 and adverse reactions after vaccination being independent predictors of cellular immunity. Notably, a significant proportion of participants with high antibody titers did not have reactive cellular immunity.
Article
Immunology
Denise Fiorelli et al.
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the impact of mRNA vaccine on the development of possible positive autoantibody profile in healthcare workers. The results suggest no autoreactive response changes over time in healthy subjects after vaccination, indicating no correlation between the administration of the vaccine and the possible onset of autoimmune disorders.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Santosh Shenoy
Summary: The interaction between gut microbiome, Vitamin D, and RAS/ACE2 system is critical for the balance of elderly immune system and inflammation regulation. The status of gut microbiome predicts blood molecular signatures, inflammatory markers, and host responses to infection. Vitamin D modulates immune responses and gut microbiome, impacting the outcome of COVID-19 infections.
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Medicine, General & Internal
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Medicine, General & Internal
Hikmet Akkiz
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve with novel variants that have spike protein mutations, some of which can increase viral replication, raise the risk of reinfection, and weaken the potency of neutralizing antibodies. The Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants are of particular concern due to their spike protein mutations that may evade neutralizing antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
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Henning Jacobsen et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the novel Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, pose a significant risk to vaccine-induced protection. mRNA-1273 vaccine shows the highest response rate and neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron, followed by heterologous prime-boost approaches. However, individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine maintain a stable response rate to Omicron.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yurie Kobashi et al.
Summary: This study revealed a decline in humoral immunity after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccinations in a rural Japanese community. Older age, male sex, smoking, steroid use, immunosuppression, and having three or more comorbidities were associated with lower antibody titers and neutralizing activity. These susceptible populations may require a special protection strategy.
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(2022)
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Medicine, General & Internal
Tianchen Zhao et al.
Summary: The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in dialysis patients is moderate compared with healthy adults. This study compared the antibody levels in dialysis patients and a control group, and found significantly reduced antibody levels in dialysis patients. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor the immune response and COVID-19 infection in dialysis patients after vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Alina Seidel et al.
Summary: In individuals who received a primary heterologous COVID-19 vaccination, the immune protection against the Omicron BA.1 variant decreases over time. However, administering a 'booster' vaccination after heterologous vaccination can effectively enhance the immune response against this variant and provide potent protection in young adults.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Medicine, General & Internal
J. Daniel Kelly et al.
Summary: A US cohort study conducted at Veterans Health Administration facilities found a low incidence of hospitalization with COVID-19 pneumonia or death following vaccination and booster with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Ad26.COV2.S vaccines.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Jiao et al.
Summary: This study found that the inactivated BBIBP-CorV vaccine has a regulatory effect on gut microbiota composition and functions, which may promote host immune response and protect against COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhonghao Chen et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the most contagious and poses a major threat to public health. Studies have shown that current vaccines may not provide sufficient neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron, but booster doses can enhance humoral immune responses. However, all current vaccines are still effective in eliciting robust T cell responses against the Omicron variant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Koji Hamuro et al.
Summary: This study found that saliva from healthy adults contains IgA antibodies that can bind to various pathogens, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. These findings suggest that salivary IgA may play a crucial role in the mucosal immune system.
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Cell Biology
Kirsten E. Lyke et al.
Summary: This study assesses the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. The results show that mRNA vaccine boosting generates higher neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant compared to Ad26.COV2.S boosting. These findings have implications for protecting against Omicron and future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel R. Feikin et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the duration of protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccines decreased from 1 to 6 months after full vaccination, but remained high against severe disease. Evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of vaccines beyond 6 months is crucial for updating vaccine policies.
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Immunology
P. Mikhail Kostinov et al.
Summary: Having a lower level of antibodies may increase the risk of measles infection, and different ages and genders may affect measles antibody levels, which may be crucial for personalized vaccination prevention for individuals.
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