Journal
TRANSPORT POLICY
Volume 145, Issue -, Pages 25-36Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.10.008
Keywords
Micromobility; Dockless e -scooter; Bikeshare; Transportation equity
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Dockless e-scooter services can expand mobility options for underserved neighborhoods but may widen access gaps. Compared to docked bikeshare, shared e-scooters have higher overall spatial accessibility but longer idle time. Bikeshare system's equity program is more effective than e-scooter operators' in promoting usage in low-income neighborhoods.
Many cities around the world have introduced dockless micromobility services and witnessed their rapid growth. Shared dockless e-scooters can expand mobility options for underserved neighborhoods and population groups, but they may also exacerbate existing transportation inequalities. So far, our understanding of the equity implications of dockless e-scooter services is limited. To address this research gap, this study develops an analytical framework to compare the equity performance of dockless e-scooter and docked bikeshare systems in Washington DC with a set of measures including availability, accessibility, usage, and idle time. Results reveal that dockless e-scooter services increase accessibility to shared micromobility options in disadvantaged neighborhoods but widen the access gaps across neighborhoods. Compared to bikeshare, shared e-scooters provide a higher level of spatial accessibility overall due to greater supply; however, the greater supply of shared e-scooters largely leads to longer average idle time rather than a greater number of trips. Finally, it appears that the bikeshare system's equity program is more effective than the equity programs provided by e-scooter operators in promoting usage in low-income neighborhoods. These findings suggest that increasing vehicle supply alone would probably not lead to higher micromobility use in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Instead, policymakers should combine a variety of strategies such as promoting the enrollment of equity programs and reducing access barriers (e.g., smartphone and banking requirements) to micromobility services.
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