Journal
TOXINS
Volume 8, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110339
Keywords
N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; uremic toxin; nicotinamide; niacin; chronic kidney disease
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N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY, a major metabolite of nicotinamide, NAM) was recently identified as a uremic toxin. Recent interventional trials using NAM to treat high levels of phosphorus in end-stage renal disease have highlighted new potential uremic toxicities of 2PY. In the context of uremia, the accumulation of 2PY could be harmful-perhaps by inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. Here, we review recently published data on 2PY's metabolism and toxicological profile.
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