Characterizing Lymphovascular Invasion in Pediatric and Adolescent Malignant Ovarian Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has been identified as a poor prognostic factor for a variety of tumors; however, its significance in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) in pediatric and adolescent patients is not well described. We aim to clarify the significance of LVI in the subset of patients with nongerminomatous MOGCT. Methods: Records of patients 0-20 years of age with MOGCT enrolled on Children's Oncology Group study AGCT0132 were reviewed. Patients with documented presence or absence of LVI in either institutional or central review pathology reports were included. Results: Of 130 patients with MOGCTs, 83 patients had of the presence or absence of LVI documented in their pathology report. 42/83 patients (50.6%) were found to have LVI present. The estimated odds of having LVI was higher in patients with stage II and III disease, 11 years and older and with the presence of choriocarcinoma. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) remained high in patients with LVI. Approximately 50% of patients with a documented LVI status in either institutional pathology report or central review were found to have LVI. Conclusions: The presence of LVI was higher in tumors with adverse risk factors including higher stage and age greater than 11 years. While LVI was not associated with EFS or OS in the intermediate risk group, further work is necessary to determine the effect of LVI on long-term disease-free survival. We, therefore, recommend routinely incorporating LVI status into institutional pathology reports for pediatric and adolescent patients with MOGCT. Level of Evidence: III. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study aims to clarify the significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in non-germinomatous malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT). The presence of LVI was found to be higher in tumors with adverse risk factors, such as higher stage and age greater than 11 years. However, LVI was not associated with event-free survival (EFS) or overall survival (OS) in the intermediate risk group.