A cooperative transactive multi-carrier energy control mechanism with P2P energy plus reserve trading using Nash bargaining game theory under renewables uncertainty

Transactive Energy Control (TEC) as a market-based control is a critical notion for scheduling Multi-Carrier Energy Systems (MCESs) in local networks and forming an Energy Hub (EH). Nevertheless, implementing TEC for scheduling and controlling MCESs is extremely difficult due to the lack of a cooperative TEC model that accounts for network constraints and the uncertainty of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). This paper defines and formulates Prosumer-Based Multi-Carrier Energy Systems (PB-MCESs), which include electricity, heat, cooling, and gas hubs to enable internal coordination of resources and flexibility extraction for PB-MCESs. Subsequently, Nash Bargaining Game Theory is employed to construct a cooperative TEC that prioritizes P2P energy trade. In addition to P2P energy trading, PB-MCESs can trade their reserve in a P2P fashion to mitigate their uncertainty. PB-MCESs estimate the level of uncertainty using stochastic programming and allot a reserve capacity based on this estimation in order to manage their uncertainty via P2P reserve trading and internal reserves. PB-MCES can also control their risk by altering their risk-taking factor in accordance with the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVAR) index. Implementations have demonstrated that the proposed cooperative TEC decreases total costs by 17.14% and that the proposed P2P reserve trading reduces total costs by 16.32%.

Automated summary

This paper proposes a Prosumer-Based Multi-Carrier Energy System (PB-MCES) and a cooperative Transactive Energy Control (TEC) model for scheduling and controlling MCESs. The results show that implementing cooperative TEC can decrease total costs significantly, and P2P reserve trading can mitigate the impact of uncertainty.