Galectin-3 is upregulated in frontotemporal dementia patients with subtype specificity

INTRODUCTIONNeuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progression of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a microglial activation regulator, holds promise as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker. Our study aimed to investigate Gal-3 levels in patients with FTD and assess its diagnostic potential.METHODSWe examined Gal-3 levels in brain, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with FTD and controls. Multiple linear regressions between Gal-3 levels and other FTD markers were explored.RESULTSGal-3 levels were increased significantly in patients with FTD, mainly across brain tissue and CSF, compared to controls. Remarkably, Gal-3 levels were higher in cases with tau pathology than TAR-DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology. Only MAPT mutation carriers displayed increased Gal-3 levels in CSF samples, which correlated with total tau and 14-3-3.DISCUSSIONOur findings underscore the potential of Gal-3 as a diagnostic marker for FTD, particularly in MAPT cases, and highlights the relation of Gal-3 with neuronal injury markers.

Automated summary

Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the progression of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Gal-3 levels were found to be significantly increased in FTD patients, particularly in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Gal-3 shows potential as a diagnostic marker for FTD, especially in cases with MAPT mutations, and its levels correlate with markers of neuronal injury.