Targeting the mechano-microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells: a promising therapeutic strategy for liver cancer

Over the past 2 decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the root cause of cancer occurrence, progression, chemoradioresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Targeting CSCs is a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer management and treatment. Liver cancer (LC) is a malignant disease that can endanger human health. Studies are increasingly suggesting that changes in the liver mechanical microenvironment are a primary driver triggering the occurrence and development of liver cancer. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the roles of the liver mechano-microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in liver cancer progression. We also discuss the relationship between the mechanical heterogeneity of liver cancer tissues and LCSC recruitment and metastasis. Finally, we highlight potential mechanosensitive molecules in LCSCs and mechanotherapy in liver cancer. Understanding the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the mechano-microenvironment and LCSCs may provide fundamental insights into liver cancer progression and aid in further development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Automated summary

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recognized as the underlying cause of cancer occurrence, progression, resistance to treatment, recurrence, and metastasis. Targeting CSCs has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer management. This review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of the liver mechanical microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in the progression of liver cancer. It also explores the relationship between the mechanical heterogeneity of liver cancer tissues and the recruitment and metastasis of LCSCs. Additionally, potential mechanosensitive molecules in LCSCs and mechanotherapy in liver cancer are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of the mechanical microenvironment and LCSCs can provide crucial insights into liver cancer progression and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.