Optimal allocation of bi-level energy storage based on the dynamic ancillary service price

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Bi-level non-convex joint optimization model of energy storage in energy and primary frequency regulation markets

Xia Wang et al.

Summary: This paper proposes a new bi-level optimization joint model, considering dynamic frequency nonlinear constraints and non-convex constraints, transforming them into a single-level mixed integer linear programming problem using reformulation-linearization technique. The study focuses on the impact of energy storage on system frequency and market clearing prices, as well as the balanced decision-making relationship between energy storage operation and clearing prices.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Coordinating Flexible Demand Response and Renewable Uncertainties for Scheduling of Community Integrated Energy Systems With an Electric Vehicle Charging Station: A Bi-Level Approach

Yang Li et al.

Summary: This study establishes a bi-level optimal dispatching model to balance the interests between CIES and EVCS by coordinating flexible demand response and uncertain renewables.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Thermodynamics

Optimal scheduling of integrated demand response-enabled integrated energy systems with uncertain renewable generations: A Stackelberg game approach

Yang Li et al.

Summary: A novel Stackelberg game-based optimization framework is proposed for optimal scheduling of integrated demand response-enabled integrated energy systems with uncertain renewable generations. The approach introduces measures such as probabilistic spinning reserve, district heating network model, and PMV index to achieve balance between the leader (IEO) and followers (users) in coordinating renewable generations and IDR.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Optimal Integration of Building Heating Loads in Integrated Heating/Electricity Community Energy Systems: A Bi-Level MPC Approach

Xiaolong Jin et al.

Summary: This paper presents a bi-level optimal integration scheme for optimizing energy and heating costs between the ICES operator and building consumers. The scheme includes thermal dynamics modeling of buildings and integration of model predictive control to achieve economic and reliable energy scheduling. The numerical studies demonstrate that the bi-level MPC method can achieve balanced scheduling and higher profits for the ICES operator while reducing energy costs for building consumers.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic