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Summary: This paper reports the design and synthesis of novel nitrogen-containing heterocycle dyes with large conjugated planar structures. These dyes exhibited excellent optical properties and potential biological applications. They showed fluorescence intensity changes and high fluorescence quantum yields in different solvents, with the polarity of the solvents affecting their excited-state lifetime. The dyes demonstrated toxicity towards cancer cells and growth-promoting effects on normal cells. Additionally, they could be used for long-term observation of targeted cellular physiological activity and dynamic monitoring of changes in lipid droplets polarity. The results have important implications for understanding the physiological functions of lipid droplets.
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