4.6 Review

Review of the phenotypes and genotypes of Bardet-Biedl syndrome from China

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Quality of life improvements following one year of setmelanotide in children and adult patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome: phase 3 trial results

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Summary: Bardet-Biedl syndrome is associated with hyperphagia and obesity. This study evaluated changes in health-related quality of life after 1 year of setmelanotide treatment in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The results showed clinically meaningful improvements in multiple health-related quality of life measures after setmelanotide treatment for 1 year. This study highlights the importance of addressing the impaired health-related quality of life in Bardet-Biedl syndrome and supports the use of setmelanotide to reduce this burden.

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Summary: The Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins mainly localized at the base of the cilium. It shares clinical features with other ciliopathies and mutations in cilia-related genes can cause different clinical ciliopathy entities. In addition to the well-known clinical features, several additional clinical signs have been reported in BBS, expanding our understanding of its complexity.

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Summary: This study detected and analyzed pathogenic variants in four Chinese families with BBS. Four novel gene mutations were identified, expanding the genotypic spectrum of BBS.

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Phenotypic diversity observed in a Chinese patient cohort with biallelic variants in Bardet-Biedl syndrome genes

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Summary: This study described the clinical and genetic features of Chinese patients with BBS gene variants, identified novel pathogenic variants, and determined the configuration of variation frequencies for each BBS gene in Chinese patients. The patients exhibited clinical heterogeneity and early and severe visual defects and retinal degeneration. Genetic analysis is crucial for diagnosis, genetic counseling, and future gene therapy.
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Subretinal gene therapy delays vision loss in a Bardet-Biedl Syndrome type 10 mouse model

Ying Hsu et al.

Summary: Blindness in Bardet-Biedl syndrome is caused by dysfunction and loss of photoreceptor cells in the retina. This study performed gene augmentation therapy by injecting a viral construct subretinally to deliver the Bbs10 gene to treat retinal degeneration in a BBS10 mouse model. The results showed that subretinal gene therapy slowed photoreceptor cell death, preserved retinal function, and delayed vision loss.

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Mutation profile of Bardet-Biedl syndrome patients from India: Implicative role of multiallelic rare variants and oligogenic inheritance pattern

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Summary: In this study, the genetic profile of 108 BBS patients from India was investigated. Higher frequencies of BBS10 and BBS1 gene variations were observed, along with the identification of a potentially novel gene, TSPOAP1. This study contributes to the understanding of BBS genetics in the Indian population and highlights the importance of molecular testing in affected patients.

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Phenotype and genotype spectra of a Chinese cohort with nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy

Xiaoshan Tang et al.

Summary: This Chinese multicenter study found that NPHP1 and NPHP3 gene mutations were the most common in NPHP-RC patients. Among them, 45% of patients presented with isolated nephronophthisis (NPH), and 55% exhibited extrarenal phenotypes, often involving the liver, central nervous system, eyes, and skeletal system. 65% of patients were accidentally diagnosed with elevated serum creatinine and nonspecific symptoms caused by chronic kidney disease. Patients carrying NPHP1 mutations had a later onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared to those with non-NPHP1 mutations, especially those carrying NPHP3 mutations, which displayed a heterogeneous phenotype.

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Rab-like small GTPases in the regulation of ciliary Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) complex transport

Xiumin Yan et al.

Summary: Primary cilia are important sensory organelles in cells, with intraflagellar transport essential for their assembly, maintenance, and function. Recent studies have highlighted the critical regulatory roles of three ciliary Rab-like small GTPases in ciliary BBSome transport.

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Case Report: Identification Pathogenic Abnormal Splicing of BBS1 Causing Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type I (BBS1) due to Missense Mutation

Kai Yan et al.

Summary: This study identified a missense mutation affecting the splicing process, which was located at a non-canonical splicing site. The pathogenicity of the mutation was confirmed through experimental validation, and it expanded the spectrum of pathogenic mutations in Bardet-Biedl syndrome type I.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2022)

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Two novel variants in a Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 5 patient with severe renal phenotype

Yingfei Shao et al.

Summary: This study reports the first case of Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 5 (BBS5) in China and explores the correlation between phenotype and genotype. The patient exhibited severe renal involvement and two novel BBS5 variants were identified.

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Central precocious puberty occurring in Bardet-Biedl syndrome-10 as a method for self-protection of human reproductive function: A case report

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Summary: This case report describes a patient with central precocious puberty and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and demonstrates that treatment can restore normal reproductive function, suggesting a protective mechanism for human fertility.

EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE (2022)

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Prenatal diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome due to novel variants in the BBS10 gene in a fetus with multiple anomalies: A case report

Xingsheng Dong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the molecular etiology of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and validated a method for prenatal diagnosis. Two novel compound heterozygous variants in the BBS10 gene were detected, providing a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the Chinese couple. Additionally, the ultrasound findings of fetal abdominal abnormalities expanded the antenatal phenotypes of BBS.

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Novel homozygous nonsense mutation associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome in fetuses with congenital renal malformation

Meiying Cai et al.

Summary: This retrospective study on 210 fetuses with congenital renal malformation identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation c.1177C>T in the BBS1 gene of a Chinese fetus. This finding provides insight into BBS1 mutations in Asian populations and highlights the importance of genetic counseling.

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A Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in Puerto Rico

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Summary: This study provides the first detailed genotype-phenotype analysis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Puerto Rico, revealing that mutations in BBS1 and BBS7 are the most common culprits in this population. While patients with BBS1 mutations generally exhibit milder symptoms, those with the c.1645G>T (p.Glu549*) mutation tend to have more severe phenotypes. Further research should focus on understanding the impact of the c.1645G>T (p.Glu549*) mutation on the BBS1 gene and protein product.

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Novel Compound Heterozygous BBS2 and Homozygous MKKS Variants Detected in Chinese Families with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

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Summary: This study identified genetic causes and clinical manifestations in two Chinese families with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Novel compound heterozygous variants in BBS2 gene and a known homozygous variant in MKKS gene were detected. Both families presented with retinitis pigmentosa, but had different systemic manifestations. The findings contribute to expanding the variant spectrum of BBS and enhancing understanding of the syndrome.

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