4.7 Article

Winery and olive mill wastewaters treatment using nitrilotriacetic acid/ UV-C/Fenton process: Batch and semi-continuous mode

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 240, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117545

Keywords

AOPs; Nitrilotriacetic acid; Olive mill wastewater; Winery wastewater; Phenolic compounds; Semi -continuous system

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In this study, the treatment of red and white winery wastewaters and olive mill wastewater using Fenton-based processes was investigated. The results showed that UV-C/Fenton was the most effective process, and operational conditions such as pH, H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations played a significant role in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and the energy consumption of the reactor. Addition of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was tested to prevent iron precipitation. Comparative experiments in a semi-continuous reactor demonstrated the potential application of this process on a large scale, with low reagents consumption and reduced energy requirements.
In this work, both red and white winery wastewaters (WW) and olive mill wastewater (OMW) were submitted to a treatment by Fenton-based processes (FBPs). The main aim was to evaluate the most efficient and economic process. Initial tests, resorting to a batch reactor, demonstrated that UV-C/Fenton (lambda = 254 nm) was the most effective process. Operational conditions such as pH, H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations revealed to have a superior influence within dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal as well as regarding the reactor's energy consumption. As a means to prevent iron precipitation, the addition of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was tested. With experimental conditions pH = 3.0, [H2O2] = 194 mM, [Fe2+] = 1.0 mM, [NTA] = 1.0 mM, radiation UV-C (254 nm), time = 240 min, the kinetic rate related with DOC removal showed a k(red) (WW) = 0.0128 min(-1) > k(OMW) = 0.0124 min(-1) > k(white) (WW) = 0.0104 min(-1) and both the WW and OMW achieved the Portuguese legal limit values for wastewater discharge. Furthermore, comparative experiments were performed in a semi-continuous reactor, being that the results put in evidence that the concentration of H2O2 added and the flow rate of reagents' addition (F) had a significant effect on the efficiency of the reactor. Under an optimum experimental procedure pH = 3.0, [H2O2] = 97 mM, [Fe2+] = 1.0 mM, [NTA] = 1.0 mM, radiation UV-C (254 nm), F = 1 mL min(-1), time = 240 min, there were observed higher DOC removal kinetic rates (k(OMW) = 15.20 x 10(-3) min(-1) > k(red) (WW) = 11.64 x 10(-3) min(-1) > k(white) (WW) = 11.57 x 10(-3) min(-1)) and a cost ranging between 0.0402 and 0.0419 /g.DOC. These results showed that semi-continuous reactors have the potential to be applied to large scale treatments, with low reagents consumption and reduced energy requirements.

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