Oral nanomedicine biointeractions in the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Silvia Salvatori et al.

Summary: H. pylori infection contributes to the onset and development of gastric cancer through the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and DNA damage to gastric epithelial cells.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Colonic drug delivery: Formulating the next generation of colon-targeted therapeutics

Laura E. McCoubrey et al.

Summary: Colonic drug delivery allows access to specific therapeutic targets, improving drug bioavailability and minimizing off-target effects. However, successful design and development of colon-targeted medicines require careful consideration of the colon's distinct physiological environment. This review discusses the important parameters for effective design and formulation strategies for colon-targeted drugs.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Interaction of polyelectrolyte-shell cubosomes with serum albumin for triggering drug release in gastrointestinal cancer

Barbara V. Pimenta et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a lipid-based nanostructure that can encapsulate drugs and release them in a controlled manner to improve bioavailability in oral administration. The nanostructure can interact strongly with serum albumin released in the stomach under gastric cancer conditions, promoting drug release.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B (2023)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Adhesive Ergothioneine Hyaluronate Gel Protects against Radiation Gastroenteritis by Alleviating Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Yaping Liu et al.

Summary: This study developed a facile but effective oral radioprotector, EGT@HA gel, to protect against radiation gastroenteritis by synergistically regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified the radioprotective efficacy of EGT@HA by inhibiting reactive oxidative species generation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and gut flora dysbiosis. This work not only advances the development of novel gastrointestinal radioprotectors but also provides a valuable paradigm for gastrointestinal radioprotection by synergistically modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota disturbance.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2023)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Self-assembling polymer-based short chain fatty acid prodrugs ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis

Babita Shashni et al.

Summary: The prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide, and cost-effective therapeutic interventions are needed. Gut microbial dysbiosis, particularly a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing microbiota, has been linked to NASH pathogenesis. This study designed SCFA-based prodrugs that self-assembled in aqueous media to improve the therapeutic efficacy of SCFAs. NanoSCFA, particularly NanoBA, showed remarkable potential in ameliorating fatty liver disease, reducing hepatic lipogenesis and fibrosis, with negligible adverse effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that NanoBA restored the nuclear expression of PPAR alpha, a transcriptional factor regulating fatty acid oxidation, reflecting the therapeutic effects of NanoBA.

BIOMATERIALS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Mucoadhesive chitosan- and cellulose derivative-based nanofiber-on-foam-on-film system for non-invasive peptide delivery

Mai Bay Stie et al.

Summary: The study designed a multi-layered nanofiber-on-foam-on-film (NFF) drug delivery system with mucoadhesive properties and saliva-repelling ability, which improved drug absorption and permeability through oral mucosa. This system has great potential for non-invasive drug administration.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Exploiting the biological effect exerted by lipid nanocapsules in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ines Domingues et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a significant portion of the adult population worldwide and no approved pharmacologic therapy is currently available. A novel drug delivery system called lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) has shown promise in treating NAFLD by inducing the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the LNCs system with subcutaneous injection of a GLP-1 analog in two mouse models of NAFLD. The results demonstrated that chronic administration of the LNCs system improved glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, and prevented disease progression to a greater extent than subcutaneous injection in both models.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2023)

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Review Oncology

Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy

Chi Chun Wong et al.

Summary: Emerging data indicate the crucial role of the microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) in multiple aspects. However, understanding the specific components of the microbiota and their clinical implications remains challenging. This review summarizes the role of the microbiota in CRC, including prevention, treatment interactions, and as a source of novel biomarkers.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease

Arie Horowitz et al.

Summary: Increased intestinal permeability due to tight junction barrier loss can be targeted in gastrointestinal diseases. The authors discuss the molecular components and regulation of tight junctions, and their relevance to gut diseases and therapeutic opportunities. The restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing, while tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases, and recent studies have demonstrated the potential of barrier restoration in disease.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2023)

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Review Microbiology

Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles

Masanori Toyofuku et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles are fundamental to living matter and are produced by species across all domains of life. In bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can be generated from the outer membrane or through explosive cell lysis induced by genotoxic stress. Recent research has shown that similar mechanisms of vesicle formation exist in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This review discusses the different types of MV and their cargo packaging mechanisms.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antioxidant hepatic lipid metabolism can be promoted by orally administered inorganic nanoparticles

Jie Cai et al.

Summary: Accumulation of inorganic nanoparticles in living organisms can lead to an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. Low doses of nanoparticles have been found to induce moderate increases in ROS and trigger adaptive responses in biological systems, but their beneficial effects on metabolic health are still unclear. This study demonstrates that repeated oral administrations of low doses of various inorganic nanoparticles can promote lipid degradation and alleviate steatosis in the liver of male mice. The study suggests that low-dose nanoparticle administration may hold promise as a treatment for specific hepatic metabolic disorders such as fatty liver.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Helicobacter pylori infection

Peter Malfertheiner et al.

Summary: Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis and can lead to severe gastroduodenal pathologies, including peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of this infection, and discusses patient quality of life and open research questions.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Oral polyphenol-armored nanomedicine for targeted modulation of gut microbiota-brain interactions in colitis

Huan He et al.

Summary: Developing oral nanomedicines that suppress intestinal inflammation while modulating gut microbiota and brain interactions is essential for effectively treating inflammatory bowel disease.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Alterations of the intestinal mucus layer correlate with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in human Type 1 Diabetes

Marta Lo Conte et al.

Summary: The study reveals that alterations in the mucus layer of the gut are associated with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).

EBIOMEDICINE (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Surface design of nanocarriers: Key to more efficient oral drug delivery systems

Helen Spleis et al.

Summary: As nanocarriers (NCs) can enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs by improving their solubility, preventing degradation, and facilitating their absorption, the surface chemistry of NCs plays a crucial role. Various surface properties such as bioinert surfaces, adhesive surfaces, charge converting surfaces, and active surfaces can be designed to control their interactions with gastrointestinal fluids, mucus gel layer, and absorption membrane. In this review, we provide an overview of these different surfaces and discuss their impact on the performance of NCs in the gastrointestinal tract.

ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Cell Biology

Extracellular vesicles enhance pulmonary transduction of stably associated adeno-associated virus following intratracheal administration

Gijung Kwak et al.

Summary: Clinical implementation of inhaled gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector has been challenging due to difficulty in transducing lung airway cells. However, by combining AAV serotype 6 (AAV6) with extracellular vesicles (EVs), researchers have discovered a method that greatly enhances gene expression in respiratory cells, offering a safe and effective treatment strategy.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2023)

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Article Microbiology

Biomarker-responsive engineered probiotic diagnoses, records, and ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease in mice

Zhen -Ping Zou et al.

Summary: Engineered probiotic i-ROBOT has been developed to noninvasively monitor and record the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in real time, and release treatments based on disease-associated biomarkers. It provides a heritable genomic DNA sequence and a colorimetric signal by activating a base-editing system in response to the inflammatory marker thiosulfate. In experiments with mice, i-ROBOT effectively ameliorated colitis and showed potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2023)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Evaluation of bioadhesive gels for local action in the esophagus

Laxmi Shanthi Chede et al.

Summary: Direct drug administration to the esophagus is challenging due to factors such as dilution and removal by saliva, which result in limited drug absorption into the esophageal mucosa. Various bioadhesive polymers were tested for their ability to resist saliva removal, and in situ gel-forming polysaccharide gels showed superior tissue surface retention. These gels, combined with ciclesonide, achieved therapeutic drug concentrations in esophageal tissues and offer potential for localized treatment of esophageal diseases.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapies and future perspectives in drug delivery

Ines Domingues et al.

Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the global adult population. Currently, lifestyle modifications are the main treatment option, as there are no approved pharmacologic therapies. However, nanotechnology offers promising drug delivery strategies that can improve drug bioavailability and target therapy for NAFLD.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering: The role of genetics

Aleksandra Zielinska et al.

Summary: Scaffolds are commonly used implants for delivering cells, drugs, and genes, with their porous structure providing support for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Various techniques are used to fabricate scaffolds, and they have applications in tissue engineering and multiple medical fields.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mucoadhesive Phenolic Pectin Hydrogels for Saliva Substitute and Oral Patch (Adv. Funct. Mater. 44/2023)

Soojeong Choi et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

A programmable oral bacterial hydrogel for controllable production and release of nanovaccine for tumor immunotherapy

Yingying Zhang et al.

Summary: A programmable oral bacterial hydrogel system was developed for the production and release of nanovaccines. It overcame the harsh gastrointestinal environment by encapsulating the engineered bacteria and demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth in mice.

BIOMATERIALS (2023)

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Review Immunology

The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system

Edit I. Buzas

Summary: This Review provides an updated comprehensive overview of the roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system, including their involvement in innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, antigen presentation, and various immune responses. It also highlights the potential use of extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and therapy.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Clinical translation of advanced colonic drug delivery technologies

Atheer Awad et al.

Summary: Targeted drug delivery to the colon offers numerous benefits, including treatment of local diseases and direct access to specific therapeutic targets. New technologies incorporating multi-stimuli release mechanisms have advanced colonic drug delivery and expanded possibilities for delivering biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, nutrients, and microbiome therapeutics for local and systemic diseases.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CYP450 drug inducibility in NAFLD via an in vitro hepatic model: Understanding drug-drug interactions in the fatty liver

Camilo Rey-Bedon et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of fatty liver on drug-drug interactions. Dysregulation of enzyme systems observed in fatty liver may increase the risk of unexpected drug interactions. An in vitro model was developed to study enzyme regulation in fatty liver, and it was found that fatty liver might exacerbate drug interactions related to CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 enzymes.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Cancer statistics, 2022

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

Summary: Each year, the American Cancer Society compiles data on cancer occurrence and outcomes in the United States. The latest data shows that breast and prostate cancer progress has stagnated, while lung cancer has shown improvements in survival rates. Lung cancer incidence for advanced disease has declined while localized-stage rates have increased, resulting in higher survival rates. Mortality patterns align with incidence trends, with lung cancer deaths declining rapidly, breast cancer deaths slowing, and prostate cancer deaths stabilizing.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polymer nano-systems for the encapsulation and delivery of active biomacromolecular therapeutic agents

Marina Machtakova et al.

Summary: Biomacromolecular therapeutic agents, such as proteins, antigens, enzymes, and nucleic acids, are emerging as powerful candidates for disease treatment, but face challenges in delivery due to their high molecular weight and sensitive structure. Polymer drug delivery systems offer a modular solution to address these issues, enabling the realization of the promising potential of biomacromolecular therapeutic agents in future medical applications.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Willem M. de Vos et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating host health and its deviations are linked with various diseases. Understanding the molecular aspects of the gut microbiota's influence on health can lead to the development of novel therapies.

GUT (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Coordination of rigidity modulation and targeting ligand modification on orally-delivered nanoparticles for the treatment of liver fibrosis

Yinglan Yu et al.

Summary: The study showed that both rigidity and ligand modification play crucial roles in transcytosis efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of oral drug delivery nanoparticles, helping softer NP catch up with stiff NP.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oral insulin delivery by epithelium microenvironment-adaptive nanoparticles

Jianbo Li et al.

Summary: This study presents a novel nanoparticle platform for oral drug delivery based on adaptation to the intestinal microenvironment, demonstrating efficient drug protection and rapid mucus penetration at the jejunal epithelial surface. The platform showed significant reductions in blood glucose levels after intrajejunal administration in both normal and diabetic rats, highlighting its potential for controlled drug delivery.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

Jeffrey Lazarus et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects a significant portion of the global adult population, but has received little attention from the global public health community. This has led to a lack of inclusion of NAFLD in national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive public health response to the disease.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A nanoparticulate dual scavenger for targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease

Chengxin Shi et al.

Summary: A new nanomedicine strategy has been developed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by scavenging proinflammatory cell-free DNA and reactive oxygen species, with minimal side effects.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Efficient oral insulin delivery enabled by transferrin-coated acid-resistant metal-organic framework nanoparticles

Jun-Jie Zou et al.

Summary: Oral protein delivery is a cutting-edge technology that offers superior patient compliance and convenience compared with injections. However, the instability and inefficiency of protein penetration in the gastrointestinal tract have limited the development of oral protein formulation. In this study, acid-resistant metal-organic framework nanoparticles were used to encapsulate insulin and target proteins were added to enhance oral insulin delivery. The nanoparticles achieved high insulin loading and protected insulin from degradation. Through receptor-mediated transcellular pathway, the nanoparticles efficiently transported across the intestinal epithelium and released insulin under physiological conditions, resulting in a significant hypoglycemic effect and high oral bioavailability. This work demonstrates the potential of functional metal-organic framework nanoparticles for oral biomacromolecule delivery.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Milk-derived exosomes exhibit versatile effects for improved oral drug delivery

Lei Wu et al.

Summary: Exosomes, as endogenous courier vesicles, have gained increasing attention as biomimetic drug delivery vehicles. In this study, insulin-loaded milk-derived exosomes were fabricated and demonstrated to exhibit superior hypoglycemic effects when orally administered, compared with subcutaneously injected insulin. Mechanism studies revealed the multi-functional properties of milk-derived exosomes, including active multi-targeting uptake, pH adaptation, signal pathway activation, and mucus penetration, which contribute to their excellent oral performance.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Lipid polymer hybrid nanocarriers: Insights into synthesis aspects, characterization, release mechanisms, surface functionalization and potential implications

Saurabh Shah et al.

Summary: Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHN) are novel nanosystems with combined attributes of enhanced stability, biocompatibility and cellular uptake. This review provides deeper insights into the types, synthesis, release mechanisms and surface functionalization of LPHN, as well as their significant applications in drug delivery and targeting.

COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD

Piero Portincasa et al.

Summary: The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut, and a healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by selective permeability. Disrupted gut permeability may be associated with obesity and metabolically associated liver steatosis.

BIOMEDICINES (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Surface Modification of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles

Yining Xu et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of various methods for lipid nanoparticle grafting and critically examines the usefulness and impact of these modifications in overcoming biological barriers, while predicting future developments in this field.

ACS NANO (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Impact of PEGylation on an antibody-loaded nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Neha Shrestha et al.

Summary: Nanoparticle-based oral drug delivery systems have the potential to target inflamed regions in the gastrointestinal tract. This study developed mucus-penetrating nanoparticles to encapsulate monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The results showed that the length of the PEG chain had a significant impact on the efficacy of the nanoparticles in vivo.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Antibody-conjugated liposomes loaded with indocyanine green for oral targeted photoacoustic imaging-guided sonodynamic therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection

Ruhao Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, monoclonal antibody-conjugated liposomes loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) were developed for targeted photoacoustic imaging-guided sonodynamic therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection. The treatment successfully recognized and eliminated H. pylori without toxicity to normal tissues.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers

Soheil Haddadzadegan et al.

Summary: The oral administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins faces various barriers, which can be overcome by using lipid-based nanocarriers. These nanocarriers enhance the lipophilic character of the drugs and protect them from enzymatic degradation. They can penetrate mucus and absorption membranes, enabling systemic delivery of the therapeutic molecules. Lipid-based nanocarriers show promising stability and delivery efficacy.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Targeted therapeutic effects of oral inulin-modified double-layered nanoparticles containing chemotherapeutics on orthotopic colon cancer

Yan Hou et al.

Summary: Colon cancer is a prevalent global cancer, and the complexity of the gastrointestinal structure hinders the safe delivery of drugs to the tumor site. In this study, paclitaxel-loaded oral colon double-targeted nanoparticles were designed to specifically target the colon tumor. These nanoparticles were able to effectively deliver the drug to cancer cells and induce apoptosis. In vivo studies showed that the nanoparticles could accumulate at the tumor site and have a therapeutic effect on colon cancer. The safety evaluation also demonstrated that this drug delivery system is safe and holds promise for orthotopic colon cancer treatment.

BIOMATERIALS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Immune responses in the irritable bowel syndromes: time to consider the small intestine

Grace L. Burns et al.

Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered defaecation. Research has found that small intestinal mechanosensation, altered barrier functions, and microbial imbalance are associated with IBS. The current literature suggests that the pathogenesis of IBS may involve dysfunction of the entire intestinal tract.

BMC MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ROS-responsive thioketal-linked alginate/chitosan carriers for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea therapy

Hai-Yun Zhang et al.

Summary: In this study, a colon-specific carrier was developed using cross-linked chitosan and coated with alginate to protect puerarin from destruction in the gastrointestinal tract. The carrier showed promising potential for treating IBS-D by releasing puerarin in the colon.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to overcome gastric cancer drug resistance

Kazem Nejati et al.

Summary: Gastric cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by deregulated cell growth in the stomach. Multi-drug resistance in gastric cancer cells is a major challenge in chemotherapy. Nano-DDSs have emerged as a promising approach to reverse multi-drug resistance and enhance the pharmacological profile of chemotherapy drugs.

JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Advances in Mucoadhesive Interface Materials, Mucoadhesion Characterization, and Technologies

Ilker S. Bayer

Summary: Mucoadhesion is an important field in adhesion science, and understanding and controlling mucoadhesion can lead to life-saving materials and technologies. Mucin plays a crucial role in mucoadhesion processes. This review discusses the role of mucin in wet adhesion under different physiological conditions and highlights advancements in mucoadhesion measurement techniques and new mucoadhesive systems. This knowledge expands our understanding of mucoadhesion in soft materials and contributes to the design and application of new membranes, drugs, pharmaceutical devices, and lubricated surfaces.

ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The upregulated intestinal folate transporters direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery

Jingyi Li et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the upregulated intestinal transporter PCFT facilitates the uptake and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles. In cells with low expression of PCFT, nanoparticles are predominantly degraded in lysosomes.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2022)

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Article Immunology

Immune Cell Landscaping Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Xiaowu Bai et al.

Summary: By analyzing RNA-seq data from patients with IBD (including CD and UC) and healthy individuals, this study revealed increased numbers of immune cells in different intestinal regions and disease-specific immune features in CD and UC. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of IBD and serve as a valuable resource for future targeted studies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Antigen-bearing outer membrane vesicles as tumour vaccines produced in situ by ingested genetically engineered bacteria

Yale Yue et al.

Summary: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced in the intestine by ingested genetically engineered bacteria, which are fused with tumour antigens, can serve as effective oral tumour vaccines in mice. These OMVs can stimulate dendritic cell maturation, inhibit tumour growth, and generate long-term antitumour immunity.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications

Hamdi Nsairat et al.

Summary: Liposomes are widely used nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. They enhance drug solubility and controlled release, as well as allowing for surface modifications for targeted and sustained release. Liposomes have been clinically approved for treating various diseases and show promising potential in clinical trials.

HELIYON (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Precise oral delivery systems for probiotics: A review

Ya Luo et al.

Summary: Probiotics have numerous health benefits to the host but their viability and function are threatened by low pH, digestive enzymes, and bile salts in the stomach and intestine. Researchers have developed probiotic delivery systems with different trigger mechanisms to successfully introduce high-viability probiotics to the intestine. While most studies have focused on non-targeted probiotic delivery systems, there is a need to optimize these systems and design more precisely targeted ones to address challenges associated with disease states and discontinuous distribution of disease sites in the intestinal microenvironment.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ligand-modified nanocarriers for oral drug delivery: Challenges, rational design, and applications

Yaqi Zhang et al.

Summary: This review discusses the importance of LMNCs for enhanced oral drug delivery and the key factors influencing their design, including extracellular and cellular barriers, GI protein corona, and sequential transport barriers. It also highlights the key factors to consider in the rational design of LMNCs and the potential of orally administered LMNCs in disease therapy.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles in diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer

Naveen Rajana et al.

Summary: Breast cancer, the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in women, can be diagnosed and treated using nanotechnology. Hybrid nanocarriers, a type of nanotechnology, show promise in overcoming the limitations of individual components and have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design of Diselenide-Bridged Hyaluronic Acid Nano-antioxidant for Efficient ROS Scavenging to Relieve Colitis

Jiaqi Xu et al.

Summary: Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study developed a nanoformulation, called diselenide-bridged hyaluronic acid nanogel (SeNG), which specifically accumulated in colitis tissue and showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of colitis. Mechanistically, SeNG reduced ROS levels through direct elimination and up-regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.

ACS NANO (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

In vivo fate and intracellular trafficking of vaccine delivery systems

Jaiwoo Lee et al.

Summary: This review examines the intracellular trafficking and in vivo fate of vaccines delivered through different routes and systems, and discusses strategies to improve immune responses, design novel vaccine platforms, and address challenges and future perspectives.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Analysis of gastric microbiome reveals three distinctive microbial communities associated with the occurrence of gastric cancer

Dehua Liu et al.

Summary: This study aimed to explore the variation, diversity, and composition patterns of gastric bacteria in stages of gastric carcinogenesis based on published datasets. Three types of gastric microbiome were identified, with different patterns of composition. The abundance of GC-associated bacteria was enriched in tumor tissues, and the bacterial diversity in GC was significantly reduced. The strength of microbial interaction networks decreased from IN to GC.

BMC MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Digestion of lipid excipients and lipid-based nanocarriers by pancreatic lipase and pancreatin

Katrin Zoller et al.

Summary: This study examined the digestion behavior of lipid-based nanocarriers and found that the choice of excipients and drug delivery systems affected their digestion. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the digestion properties for oral drug delivery.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ligand-switchable nanoparticles resembling viral surface for sequential drug delivery and improved oral insulin therapy

Tiantian Yang et al.

Summary: This study develops ligand-switchable nanoparticles that can display diverse functions on their surfaces. These nanoparticles can efficiently traverse intestinal barriers and target the liver after oral administration. The nanoparticles successfully deliver insulin to the intestine and deposit it in the liver, contributing to effective diabetes management.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tissue-Specific Downregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase Suppresses Intestinal Adenoma Formation via Coordinated Reprograming of Transcriptome and Metabolism in the Mouse Model of Apc-Driven Colorectal Cancer

James Drury et al.

Summary: Altered lipid metabolism, specifically the overexpression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), plays a significant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. The study demonstrates that reducing FASN expression increases mouse survival and reduces the number of intestinal adenomas in a mouse model. Furthermore, downregulation of FASN expression inhibits pathways involved in cellular proliferation, energy production, and CRC progression.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Exosomes: Large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake

Ilgin Kimiz-Gebologlu et al.

Summary: This review discusses the general properties and biological functions of exosomes, as well as their potential in drug delivery systems. It provides an overview of methods for large-scale production, isolation, and drug loading of exosomes, and investigates the current challenges and potential directions in this emerging field of drug delivery.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Leaky Gut in IBD: Intestinal Barrier-Gut Microbiota Interaction

Shunying Yu et al.

Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease with increasing incidence. The gut, containing abundant lymphoid tissue and nervous system components, plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Disruption of the intestinal barrier, referred to as a leaky gut, is associated with changes leading to IBD. The interaction between the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota is particularly important in the development of IBD.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Recent Advances in Oral Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery

Shiva Golshani et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mucoadhesive probiotic backpacks with ROS nanoscavengers enhance the bacteriotherapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

Jun Liu et al.

Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysregulated gut microbiota. In this study, researchers developed ROS-scavenging nanoparticles (HPN) to effectively scavenge ROS. They targeted the colon tissue by conjugating HPN to modified probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). To enhance the efficacy of bacteriotherapy, the EcN cells were encapsulated with a poly-norepinephrine (NE) layer for protection against environmental assaults and prolonged retention in the intestine. The HPN-NE-EcN treatment showed enhanced efficacy in colitis models and increased abundance and diversity of gut microbiota.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Single-cell analyses define a continuum of cell state and composition changes in the malignant transformation of polyps to colorectal cancer

Winston R. Becker et al.

Summary: Single-cell ATAC-seq and RNA-seq profiling were used to study the transformation process from healthy colon to precancerous adenomas to colorectal cancer. Most of the polyp and CRC cells exhibited a stem-like phenotype. The study identified a continuum of epigenetic and transcriptional changes that occur in stem-like cells as they progress from homeostasis to CRC. The results also revealed the presence of T cell exhaustion and specific fibroblast subtypes in advanced polyps and cancerous states. Additionally, DNA methylation changes were found to be negatively correlated with accessibility changes, providing potential regulatory markers for polyp staging.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Programmable probiotics modulate inflammation and gut microbiota for inflammatory bowel disease treatment after effective oral delivery

Jun Zhou et al.

Summary: In this study, genetically engineered probiotics with self-producing functional proteins and biofilm self-coating were developed for the safe and efficient treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. The engineered probiotics effectively reduced inflammation, repaired epithelial barriers, and regulated intestinal microbial communities. This study lays a foundation for the development of living therapeutic proteins using probiotics to treat intestinal-related diseases.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Ovalbumin and Poly(i:c) Encapsulated Dendritic Cell-Targeted Nanoparticles for Immune Activation in the Small Intestinal Lymphatic System

Kyoung Sub Kim et al.

Summary: This study describes a strategy using antigen and adjuvant encapsulated dendritic cell-targeted nanoparticles for immune activation in the small intestinal lymphatic system to inhibit melanoma development. Oral delivery of the nanoparticles enhances dendritic cell maturation and induces cancer-specific T helper type 1 and type 2 responses in the blood. Repeated oral administration of the nanoparticles increases the population of immune cells and completely prevents melanoma development.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Microfluidized Dextran Microgels Loaded with Cisplatin/SPION Lipid Nanotherapeutics for Local Colon Cancer Treatment via Oral Administration

I. -Lin Lu et al.

Summary: A multifunctional sequential targeted delivery system has been developed for efficient treatment of malignant tumors with selective accumulation and minimal systemic drug absorption. This system consists of microfluidized dextran microgels encapsulating LNPs and SPIONs, which achieve hierarchical dual targeting and enhance the retention and cellular uptake of therapeutic LNPs in the colon. The system demonstrates a strong therapeutic effect and reduces unnecessary drug absorption and side effects.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Mucus interaction to improve gastrointestinal retention and pharmacokinetics of orally administered nano-drug delivery systems

Deepak A. Subramanian et al.

Summary: Oral delivery is the preferred route for drug administration, but rapid clearance of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract is a major barrier. Researchers have explored the use of GI mucus to improve drug delivery efficacy. This review discusses the properties and function of GI mucus, as well as different types of mucus-interacting drug delivery systems. FDA-approved systems in each category are also reviewed.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biological chemotaxis-guided self-thermophoretic nanoplatform augments colorectal cancer therapy through autonomous mucus penetration

Zhi-Hao Wang et al.

Summary: This study presents a biological chemotaxis-guided self-thermophoretic nanoplatform that improves the efficacy of oral drug delivery systems for colorectal cancer treatment. The nanoplatform achieves precise intestinal positioning and autonomous mucus penetration by introducing platinum-sprayed mesoporous silica and camouflaging with Staphylococcus aureus membrane. The nanoplatform significantly enhances the oral bioavailability of cisplatin and exhibits a high tumor inhibition rate in CRC-bearing mice.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Upregulating Heat Shock Protein 70 via Gastric Nano-Heaters for the Interference of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Xin Xia et al.

Summary: Inspired by Helicobacter pylori infection, a gastric nano-heater iron-cobalt alloy has been developed to interfere with the infection under an alternating magnetic field. This nano-heater shows high specific loss power in an acidic environment and provides efficient magnetothermal stimulation in the stomach, upregulating heat shock protein 70 in gastric epithelial cells to antagonize the infection.

ACS NANO (2022)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Recent findings in Akkermansia muciniphila-regulated metabolism and its role in intestinal diseases

Meng-Jie Liu et al.

Summary: The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized with a majority of gut microbes that have a crucial impact on host metabolism and homeostasis. Akkermansia muciniphila, as a member of the gut microbiota, preferentially colonizes the intestinal mucus layer and degrades mucins to produce short-chain fatty acids, providing energy for the host and promoting its own colonization. A. muciniphila is non-pathogenic and its suitable abundance contributes to the development of the immune system and intestinal health.

CLINICAL NUTRITION (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advanced research on extracellular vesicles based oral drug delivery systems

Mengdi Song et al.

Summary: Oral administration is the most convenient mode of drug delivery, but it remains a challenge for some drugs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to serve as natural carriers for orally administered drugs, as they can cross the gastrointestinal barrier. Currently, research is being conducted on cellular EVs-based oral drug delivery systems, and their endogenous features and multifunctional properties play a significant role in delivery performance. However, there are still obstacles in translating EVs-based oral drug delivery systems from the laboratory to the clinic.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Spheroplexes: Hybrid PLGA-cationic lipid nanoparticles, for in vitro and oral delivery of siRNA

Danielle Campiol Arruda et al.

Summary: This study developed a novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle called Spheroplexes for efficient siRNA delivery. The nanoparticles consist of a hydrophobic PLGA matrix surrounded by a lipid envelope adopting a lamellar structure, in which the siRNA is complexed. The Spheroplexes were shown to be stable and more efficient than siRNA lipoplexes for delivering siRNA to cultured cells.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mucoadhesive carriers for oral drug delivery

Raj Kumar et al.

Summary: Oral medicine has benefits such as ease of administration and patients' compliance, but many drugs cannot be taken orally due to their physicochemical properties. Mucoadhesive formulations show potential for improving oral drug retention and absorption for targeted treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as oral drug delivery carriers

Zhou Fang et al.

Summary: Oral administration is a convenient and widely used method for drug delivery, but many drugs have poor oral bioavailability. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have similar properties to mammalian EVs and can effectively encapsulate drugs, remain stable in the gastrointestinal environment, and cross biological barriers. PDEVs' biological activity enables synergistic therapeutic effects with drugs, and their safety and high yield indicate their potential as oral drug carriers.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Type 2 diabetes

Ehtasham Ahmad et al.

Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oral Nanomotor-Enabled Mucus Traverse and Tumor Penetration for Targeted Chemo-Sono-Immunotherapy against Colon Cancer

Yingui Cao et al.

Summary: This study developed mesoporous manganese oxide-based nanomotors driven by hydrogen peroxide/ultrasound to improve the penetration of oral nanomedicines into colon tumors and activate anti-tumor immunity. The nanomotors demonstrated enhanced locomotory activities and tumor-targeting capacities, and the excess hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment could be decomposed into oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, leading to effective treatment of colon cancer through chemodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy.

SMALL (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Commensal gut microbiota-based strategies for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins

Connie W. Woo et al.

Summary: This opinion article discusses how gut bacteria survive in the harsh environment and explores how their components penetrate the body from the perspective of the bacteria and the host's proactivity. It also discusses the potential development of orally administered therapeutic proteins that utilize similar mechanisms to enter the body.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Harnessing Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Thymoquinone: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments

Syed Sarim Imam et al.

Summary: This study developed THQ-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (THQ-LPHNPs) based on chitosan, which showed enhanced oral bioavailability for THQ. The optimized THQ-LPHNPs exhibited ideal properties for oral administration, including a small particle size, high entrapment efficiency, and good stability. They also demonstrated excellent mucin binding efficiency and enhanced anti-breast cancer activity. Furthermore, the optimized THQ-LPHNPs showed significantly increased permeation and bioavailability compared to conventional THQ suspension.

POLYMERS (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Advances in the Application of Electrospun Drug-Loaded Nanofibers in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers

Yangqi Zhou et al.

Summary: Oral ulcers have significant impact on oral and systemic health, with individual differences in etiology and extent of the disease. Electrospinning technology is effective for preparing nanofiber films for the treatment of oral ulcers, offering advantages of long-term local administration.

BIOMOLECULES (2022)

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Review Immunology

Immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: what is the evidence?

Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga et al.

Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Immune activation plays an important role in the development of irritable bowel syndrome, particularly through the release of immune mediators by mast cells, which directly activate or sensitize pain-transmitting nerves, leading to abdominal pain symptoms.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Mucoadhesive Formulation Designs for Oral Controlled Drug Release at the Colon

Phuong H. L. Tran et al.

Summary: Mucoadhesive formulations have shown to be efficient drug delivery systems with advantages of increased local retention and sustained drug release. Recent studies have focused on colon-targeted, orally administered drugs with controlled release, resulting in promising applications from mucoadhesive cores to particles.

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs

Xintong Zhang et al.

Summary: Oral administration is popular due to its safety, convenience, low cost, and good compliance, but the bioavailability of many oral drugs is limited by the gut microbiota. Research on the relationship between gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs is crucial for designing novel drug delivery systems or achieving personalized medicine.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Devices for drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract: A review of systems physically interacting with the mucosa for enhanced delivery

James Byrne et al.

Summary: Delivery of macromolecules via the gastrointestinal tract is challenging, and technologies using physical modes of drug delivery are being developed to overcome the epithelial barrier. Techniques such as direct injection, jetting, ultrasound, and iontophoresis show promise in preclinical and clinical studies for improving drug delivery in the GI tract.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome

Yonghyun Lee et al.

Summary: The gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in both local and systemic diseases, influenced by factors like the mucosal immune system, intestinal barrier, and gut microbiota. Selective drug delivery for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, and inflammatory diseases faces challenges due to the physiological and biological barriers of the GIT. Advances in oral nanomedicine offer potential solutions for overcoming these barriers and effectively targeting treatments to the GIT.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Formulation strategies to improve the efficacy of intestinal permeation enhancers

Sam Maher et al.

Summary: The use of chemical permeation enhancers shows promise in improving oral absorption of low permeability active agents like peptides, but overcoming physiological barriers to achieve significant increases in bioavailability remains a challenge in clinical settings.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Orodispersible films: Conception to quality by design

Maram Suresh Gupta et al.

Summary: Orodispersible films (ODFs) are a unique pharmaceutical dosage form that can improve patient compliance and convenience, particularly for pediatric and geriatric populations. They have the potential to serve as carriers for drugs, herbal extracts, probiotics, and vaccines, while also aiding in drug loading, taste masking, and stability enhancement.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Multivalent Clustering of Adhesion Ligands in Nanofiber-Nanoparticle Composites

Dounia Dems et al.

Summary: By combining peptide amphiphile nanofibers and silica nanoparticles, it is possible to design biomaterials with tunable bioactive epitopes for improved cell adhesion and spreading on hydrogels. The synergy between different integrin-binding sequences on nanoparticle surfaces can enhance cell adhesion in composite materials with soft and hard nanostructures.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

The Emerging Role of Nanomedicine in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review

Seyedeh Alia Moosavian et al.

BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

High-quality milk exosomes as oral drug delivery system

Jie Zhong et al.

Summary: Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by mammalian cells, including milk exosomes which have the potential to cross biological barriers and serve as promising drug delivery tools for oral administration.

BIOMATERIALS (2021)

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Review Oncology

Gut microbiome and its role in colorectal cancer

Martina Rebersek

Summary: Colorectal cancer is still common worldwide, and the gut microbiome plays a key role in its development. Understanding the composition of bacterial strains influenced by various factors is crucial for screening, early detection, and predicting treatment outcomes. Microbiome modulation is a promising strategy in medicine to improve health outcomes.

BMC CANCER (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Advances in lipid carriers for drug delivery to the gastrointestinal tract

Yining Xu et al.

Summary: Lipid-based formulations have reappeared as oral drug delivery systems, thanks to advances in evaluating the in vivo fate of formulations and an improved understanding of gastrointestinal processes. The use of lipid-based formulations has expanded beyond highly lipophilic drugs to include hydrophilic peptides and macromolecules. Additionally, targeted nanocarriers have been developed based on gut physiology to explore novel targets in the field of drug delivery.

CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Exocrine Pancreatic Enzymes Are a Serological Biomarker for Type 1 Diabetes Staging and Pancreas Size

James J. Ross et al.

Summary: Exocrine pancreas abnormalities are increasingly recognized in type 1 diabetes, with lipase and trypsinogen levels significantly reduced in multiple autoantibody-positive individuals and those with recent-onset or established type 1 diabetes. Logistic regression models showed that trypsinogen plus lipase performed equivalently to all three enzymes in differentiating between different autoimmune profiles. Serum lipase and trypsinogen levels could collectively serve as sensitive serological biomarkers of relative pancreas volume and potentially improve disease staging in pretype 1 diabetes.

DIABETES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Oral delivery of infliximab using nano-in-microparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Xin Li et al.

Summary: The study developed an oral delivery system using nano-in-microparticles loaded with Infliximab, which can target inflamed intestine, alleviate colitis, and maintain the intestinal epithelial barrier.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with esophageal cancer

YaLi Deng et al.

Summary: This study identified a higher microbial richness in patients with esophageal cancer compared to healthy controls, showing distinct differences in bacterial composition. Specific microbiota compositions could be utilized for efficient diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery

Michael J. Mitchell et al.

Summary: The development of nanoparticles has shown promising clinical applications, overcoming the limitations of therapeutic interventions and biological barriers. Precision therapies have enhanced treatment efficacy through personalized interventions. Advancements in nanoparticle design aim to optimize drug delivery, improving efficacy in general applications and enabling tailored designs for precision applications.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Characteristics of immune cell infiltration and associated diagnostic biomarkers in ulcerative colitis: results from bioinformatics analysis

Guohui Xue et al.

Summary: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory disorder in the colon and rectum. This study identified DPP10, S100P, AMPD1, and ASS1 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for UC, and differential immune cell infiltration helps to illustrate the progression of UC.

BIOENGINEERED (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A common strategy to improve transmembrane transport in polarized epithelial cells based on sorting signals: Guiding nanocarriers to TGN rather than to the basolateral plasma membrane directly

Runyu Zhang et al.

Summary: By guiding nanocarriers to the Trans-Golgi network (TGN), researchers found superior results in transmembrane transport, highlighting the potential of this strategy based on the physiological function of TGN. This common strategy has broad application prospects in overcoming biological barriers.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Fabrication of nanostructured multi-unit vehicle for intestinal-specific delivery and controlled release of peptide

Kun Feng et al.

Summary: A multi-unit oral delivery system incorporating nanoparticles into nanofiber mats was developed for the intestinal-specific delivery and controlled release of insulin peptide. The study found that high deacetylation degree chitosan crosslinked with polyanion tripolyphosphate improved encapsulation efficiency and stability of nanoparticles. Using a pH-sensitive polymer sodium alginate as a coating layer in the multi-unit system helped to decrease burst release of insulin in acidic conditions.

NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Phenotype characteristics of gastric epithelial mucus in patients with different gastric diseases: from superficial gastritis to gastric cancer

Nannan Dong et al.

Summary: The study of 483 patients with different gastric diseases revealed three mucin phenotypes during disease progression: neutral, acidic, and mucus-free. Acidic mucin could be further divided into type I, type II, and type III. The trend of phenotypic change was that neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased, and mucus-free increased as the disease progressed.

PEERJ (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Current approaches in lipid-based nanocarriers for oral drug delivery

Maria Plaza-Oliver et al.

Summary: Lipid-based nanocarriers have advantages like low toxicity and strong biocompatibility, making them ideal carriers for drugs with poor oral bioavailability. However, efficient oral drug delivery through these carriers is challenging due to multiple physicochemical barriers along the gastrointestinal tract. Rational design of nanocarriers can turn these limitations into opportunities, ultimately determining their future clinical success.

DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network

Zahari Vinarov et al.

Summary: The review article discusses the challenges and gaps in understanding oral drug absorption processes, focusing on specific patient populations, regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, advanced formulations, and food-drug interactions. Controversies and gaps in current knowledge are identified to pave the way for future research in the field of oral drug absorption.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers

Yining Xu et al.

Summary: This article reviews the importance of oral administration in drug delivery, discusses different preclinical models along with their advantages and disadvantages, as well as how to address the limitations of the models. The article emphasizes the increasing demand for sophisticated preclinical models with higher predictive capacity for orally delivered drugs.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Target specific tight junction modulators

Joel Brunner et al.

Summary: Research focuses on modulating intercellular tight junctions to enhance drug absorption and bioavailability, with challenges in commercialization. Target-specific permeation enhancers have potential clinical applications.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Highlighting the use of micro and nanoparticles based-drug delivery systems for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections

Mauricio Palmeira Chaves de Souza et al.

Summary: This article emphasizes the use of micro and nanoparticles as important technological tools for the treatment of H. pylori infections, focusing on main nanotechnological systems and microtechnological systems that can improve drug delivery and treatment outcomes.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and orocecal transit time in patients of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Haitao Shi et al.

Summary: The present study found that the incidence of SIBO is higher and OCTT is longer in patients with NAFLD. SIBO may be associated with elevated transaminase, hepatic steatosis, progression of liver fibrosis, and prolonged OCTT in NAFLD patients.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Improved Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs through Gastrointestinal Muco-Adhesion of Lipid Nanoparticles

Sui Ling Janet Tan et al.

Summary: Gastrointestinal absorption is essential for drug delivery, and utilizing nanoparticle carriers, especially lipid carriers, can enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Improving muco-adhesion to lipid nano-carriers through appropriate polymeric coating is a promising approach to increasing systemic bioavailability following oral administration.

PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Elizabeth E. Powell et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common global health issue with significant associations with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, leading to serious complications like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic malignancy are the main causes of death in NAFLD patients, advanced liver fibrosis is a key prognostic marker for liver-related outcomes and overall mortality.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Philip N. Newsome et al.

Summary: This phase 2 trial demonstrated that treatment with semaglutide resulted in a significantly higher percentage of patients with NASH resolution compared to placebo in patients with NASH, but did not show a significant between-group difference in the percentage of patients with an improvement in fibrosis stage.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Toxicology

Effects of metal nanoparticles on tight junction-associated proteins via HIF-1α/miR-29b/MMPs pathway in human epidermal keratinocytes

Jiali Yuan et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that exposure of human epidermal keratinocytes to Nickel nanoparticles caused dysregulation of tight junction-associated proteins and down-regulation of miR-29b, while leading to increased HIF-1 alpha nuclear accumulation and MMP-2/9 activation. Restoring miR-29b levels with a miR-29b-3p mimic reversed the effects induced by Nano-Ni, indicating a pathway of HIF-1 alpha/miR-29b/MMPs in the dysregulation of tight junction-associated proteins.

PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Helicobacter pylori causes delayed gastric emptying by decreasing interstitial cells of Cajal

Bin Liu et al.

Summary: HP infection is associated with delayed gastric emptying, possibly through reducing the number of ICCs by decreasing the expression of SCF protein in gastric tissue. The study established a mouse model of HP infection and found significant reductions in gastric emptying, ICC counts, and SCF expression levels in infected mice compared to uninfected mice.

EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

In vivo activation of pH-responsive oxidase-like graphitic nanozymes for selective killing of Helicobacter pylori

Lufeng Zhang et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a pH-responsive graphitic nanozyme for selective treatment of H. pylori infections, demonstrating high antibacterial capability under low pH gastric conditions while showing negligible side effects towards normal tissues and symbiotic bacteria.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mucosal immunity-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome by oral delivery of probiotics into Peyer's patches

Sisi Lin et al.

Summary: The oral delivery of camouflaged probiotics can induce mucosal immune responses, regulate the gut microbiota, maintain gut homeostasis, and provide defense against external threats. Studies show that this approach effectively prevents intestinal barrier breakdown, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Mucoadhesive versus mucopenetrating nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin

Hongbo Cheng et al.

Summary: Mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating nanoparticles have different absorption mechanisms in enhancing oral insulin absorption. Mucopenetrating nanoparticles have a faster onset of action, while mucoadhesive nanoparticles show a sustained hypoglycemic effect. Overall, there is no significant difference in pharmacological availability between the two types of nanoparticles.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oral delivery of natural active small molecules by polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Menghang Zu et al.

Summary: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, and natural active small molecules (NASMs) have shown potential in preventing and alleviating IBD. With the development of nanotechnology, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) offer a promising platform to encapsulate versatile NASMs, enhancing their stability and bioavailability for targeted delivery to tissues or cells in IBD treatment.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug delivery to the inflamed intestinal mucosa - targeting technologies and human cell culture models for better therapies of IBD

Olga Hartwig et al.

Summary: Current treatment strategies for IBD aim to alleviate the undesirable symptoms of the disorder, with both conventional and newer therapeutic options benefiting from various targeting strategies. The development and evaluation of targeted delivery systems require suitable in vivo and in vitro models, with a focus on human in vitro models of IBD discussed in this review. Advancements in biology- and nanotechnology-based targeted drug delivery systems are elaborated on, along with potential areas for improvement to facilitate clinical translation.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Therapeutic targets, novel drugs, and delivery systems for diabetes associated NAFLD and liver fibrosis

Virender Kumar et al.

Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the fourth leading cause of death, with complications such as nephropathy and cirrhosis. Etiological factors involve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, with treatment targets including FFA homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Strategies to enhance drug delivery to specific liver cell types have the potential to improve efficacy and reduce off-target effects.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oral lipid nanomedicines: Current status and future perspectives in cancer treatment

Souhaila H. El Moukhtari et al.

Summary: Oral anticancer drugs play a crucial role in cancer treatment, and lipid nanoparticles are proposed to overcome the main obstacle in oral chemotherapy delivery. Lipid nanoparticles have unique characteristics that allow efficient drug absorption and protection from early degradation.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A pH-Triggered Self-Unpacking Capsule Containing Zwitterionic Hydrogel-Coated MOF Nanoparticles for Efficient Oral Exendin-4 Delivery

Yuhao Zhou et al.

Summary: Oral delivery of peptides or proteins through a pH-triggered self-unpacking capsule can improve bioavailability by enhancing penetration in the gastrointestinal environment and intestinal mucosa. This strategy significantly increases plasma levels of exendin-4, boosts endogenous insulin secretion, and effectively lowers blood glucose levels.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Nanocapsule-mediated sustained H2 release in the gut ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Zhaokui Jin et al.

Summary: The hydrogen nanocapsule encapsulating hydrogen gas can effectively treat early-stage MAFLD, obesity, and diabetes by promoting gut microbiota balance and reprogramming liver metabolism.

BIOMATERIALS (2021)

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Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Stem cells and origins of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract

Yoku Hayakawa et al.

Summary: In this article, we discuss the biology of gastroesophageal stem cells and their role as cells of origin in cancer. The interactions between the stromal niche and gastroesophageal stem cells play a vital role in metaplasia and early expansion of mutated stem-cell-derived clones during carcinogenesis. New approaches are being developed to better study gastroesophageal stem cells and advance the field.

CELL STEM CELL (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Recent advances of oral film as platform for drug delivery

Mengning He et al.

Summary: Orally drug delivery films have attracted extensive interest due to their faster rate of drug absorption, higher bioavailability, and better patient compliance, especially for children and elders with swallowing difficulties. Recent advances in designing and developing novel oral films have focused on delivering proteins and peptides effectively. This review aims to summarize these newly developed oral films, discussing their formulation strategies, manufacturing methods, advantages, and limitations.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Intestinal permeability in type 1 diabetes: An updated comprehensive overview

Mia Ogaard Monsted et al.

Summary: Research on patients with T1D and animal models of T1D indicates a link between increased intestinal permeability and disease development, highlighting the importance of careful selection of research methods and experimental setups.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Improving the ameliorative effects of berberine and curcumin combination via dextran-coated bilosomes on non-alcohol fatty liver disease in mice

Yi Chen et al.

Summary: A DEAE-DEX-coated bilosome with BER and CUR encapsulated was developed for the treatment of NAFLD, showing enhanced permeation and oral absorption in vivo. The synchronized biodistribution of BER and CUR in the liver contributed to optimal ameliorative effects on NAFLD, mainly mediated by anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation related pathways.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Colon-Targeted Adhesive Hydrogel Microsphere for Regulation of Gut Immunity and Flora

Hua Liu et al.

Summary: This study developed a colon-targeted adhesive core-shell hydrogel microsphere that regulates the gut immune-microbiota microenvironment, significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and alleviates colitis in a mouse model, while also optimizing gut flora composition.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Opportunities and emerging strategies

Peng Liu et al.

Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disease with painful symptoms and high risks of cancerization. There is no curative therapy for IBD at present, so the development of targeted drug delivery systems for the inflamed areas is highly advocated.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Generation of systemic antitumour immunity via the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome by an orally administered inulin gel

Kai Han et al.

Summary: Modulating the gut microbiome with orally administered gel can induce systemic antitumour immunity and enhance the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in murine tumour models. This method shows promise for treating pathologies associated with dysregulated gut microbiome.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Orally Administrable Therapeutic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Kangkang Ying et al.

Summary: Colorectal cancer is a common and lethal malignancy worldwide, but therapeutic outcomes in the clinic are currently unsatisfactory. Orally administrable nanoformulations have the potential to improve the bioavailability of therapeutic drugs, but there are still limitations associated with these regimes.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Metabolic and immunomodulatory control of type 1 diabetes via orally delivered bile-acid-polymer nanocarriers of insulin or rapamycin

Jung Seok Lee et al.

Summary: Orally delivered nanocarriers made from polymeric bile acid, carrying insulin or rapamycin, demonstrate metabolic and immunomodulatory functions in restoring blood-glucose levels, delaying the onset of diabetes, reversing inflammation, restoring metabolic functions, and extending animal survival. These ingestible bile-acid-polymer nanocarriers may offer translational opportunities for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diet-induced alteration of intestinal stem cell function underlies obesity and prediabetes in mice

Alexandra Aliluev et al.

Summary: This study reveals that an obesogenic diet induces hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells and progenitors in mice, leading to changes in intestinal cell identities and mucosal changes associated with obesity. The molecular mechanisms linking increased fatty acid synthesis, Ppar signaling, and the Insr-Igf1r-Akt pathway to these changes are described, shedding light on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

NATURE METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila accelerates intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial development

Seungil Kim et al.

Summary: Mucin-degrading bacteria, such as A. muciniphila, can promote the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and differentiation of specific cell types in the small intestine and colon. Additionally, treatment with A. muciniphila leads to higher levels of acetic and propionic acids in the cecal contents of mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with A. muciniphila can reduce gut damage caused by radiation and methotrexate, suggesting a potential role in intestinal homeostasis maintenance.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Milk exosomes with enhanced mucus penetrability for oral delivery of siRNA

Matthew R. Warren et al.

Summary: The researchers have successfully engineered high purity bovine milk-derived exosomes with tunable surface properties for the encapsulation and delivery of siRNA. In vitro models have demonstrated the effectiveness of these exosomes in penetrating biological barriers for oral drug delivery. This study paves the way for the development of exosomes as a scalable platform technology for siRNA oral drug delivery.

BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Novel strategy for oral peptide delivery in incretin-based diabetes treatment

Yining Xu et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Hyaluronic acid-bilirubin nanomedicine for targeted modulation of dysregulated intestinal barrier, microbiome and immune responses in colitis

Yonghyun Lee et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy

Agustin Albillos et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biophysics

Effect of particle size on the cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory activity of oral nanotherapeutics

Xin Zhou et al.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Impact of gastrointestinal physiology on drug absorption in special populations – An UNGAP review

Cordula Stillhart et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Materials for oral delivery of proteins and peptides

Tyler D. Brown et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins and the Microbiome

Gunnar C. Hansson

Annual Review of Biochemistry (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting Strategies for Tissue-Specific Drug Delivery

Zongmin Zhao et al.

CELL (2020)

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Review Polymer Science

Polymer scaffolds as drug delivery systems

Italo Rodrigo Calori et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanoformulation strategies for improving intestinal permeability of drugs: A more precise look at permeability assessment methods and pharmacokinetic properties changes

Delaram Babadi et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery

Eliska Maskova et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Nano-Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location-Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine

Xuejing Cui et al.

SMALL (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Advances in Oral Drug Delivery for Regional Targeting in the Gastrointestinal Tract-Influence of Physiological, Pathophysiological and Pharmaceutical Factors

Susan Hua

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Zwitterionic micelles efficiently deliver oral insulin without opening tight junctions

Xiangfei Han et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Maternal sucralose intake alters gut microbiota of offspring and exacerbates hepatic steatosis in adulthood

Xin Dai et al.

GUT MICROBES (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Polymeric carriers for enhanced delivery of probiotics

Shadi Asgari et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Micro and nanoscale technologies in oral drug delivery

Samad Ahadian et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Silver nanoparticles based on blackcurrant extract show potent anti- inflammatory effect in vitro and in DSS-induced colitis in mice

Julia B. Krajewska et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Overcoming the intestinal barrier: A look into targeting approaches for improved oral drug delivery systems

Yining Xu et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Prebiotics-Encapsulated Probiotic Spores Regulate Gut Microbiota and Suppress Colon Cancer

Di-Wei Zheng et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Targeted nanoparticles towards increased L cell stimulation as a strategy to improve oral peptide delivery in incretin-based diabetes treatment

Yining Xu et al.

BIOMATERIALS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Site-specific targeted drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Xin Li et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners?

Paola Paone et al.

GUT (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Potential of Nanoparticles as Permeation Enhancers and Targeted Delivery Options for Skin: Advantages and Disadvantages

Parisa Ghasemiyeh et al.

DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Toxicity and cellular uptake of lipid nanoparticles of different structure and composition

Jamie B. Strachan et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders 2 Irritable bowel syndrome

Alexander C. Ford et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Polymeric Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization, Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

Aleksandra Zielinska et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes

Rohitash Jamwal et al.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Antibacterial self-assembled nanodrugs composed of berberine derivatives and rhamnolipids against Helicobacter pylori

Yuanna Shen et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances in colon drug delivery systems

Roberto Arevalo-Perez et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiome composition and risk factors in a large cross-sectional IBS cohort

Melissa Agnello et al.

BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Structural weakening of the colonic mucus barrier is an early event in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis

Sjoerd van der Post et al.

GUT (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Enhancement of oral bioavailability of salmon calcitonin through chitosan-modified, dual drug-loaded nanoparticles

Lin Liu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Colonic epithelial cell diversity in health and inflammatory bowel disease

Kaushal Parikh et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Intestinal Permeation Enhancers for Oral Delivery of Macromolecules: A Comparison between Salcaprozate Sodium (SNAC) and Sodium Caprate (C10)

Caroline Twarog et al.

PHARMACEUTICS (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Concepts of nanoparticle cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and kinetics in nanomedicine

Nathan D. Donahue et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetic Gastroparesis

Adil E. Bharucha et al.

ENDOCRINE REVIEWS (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans

Michael Camilleri

GUT (2019)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

Sanjun Shi et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Current State and Future Perspectives on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems

Julu Tripathi et al.

PHARMACEUTICS (2019)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Mucoadhesive electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery systems: applications of polymers and the parameters' roles

Graciela Lizeth Perez-Gonzalez et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE (2019)

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Review Immunology

M Cells: Intelligent Engineering of Mucosal Immune Surveillance

Andrea Dillon et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Phage-guided modulation of the gut microbiota of mouse models of colorectal cancer augments their responses to chemotherapy

Di-Wei Zheng et al.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Impacts of particle shapes on the oral delivery of drug nanocrystals: Mucus permeation, transepithelial transport and bioavailability

Mengran Guo et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2019)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Colorectal cancer

Evelien Dekker et al.

LANCET (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut-associated IgA+ immune cells regulate obesity-related insulin resistance

Helen Luck et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Bile salts in digestion and transport of lipids

Adam Macierzanka et al.

ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Oncology

Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy: A Comparative Study with Microparticles and Nanoparticles

Panpan Ma et al.

CURRENT CANCER DRUG TARGETS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oral co-administration of a bacterial protease inhibitor in the vaccine formulation increases antigen delivery at the intestinal epithelial barrier

Lorena M. Coria et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication

Mathilde Mathieu et al.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Microbiology

Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles

Masanori Toyofuku et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Protein Corona Liposomes Achieve Efficient Oral Insulin Delivery by Overcoming Mucus and Epithelial Barriers

Aohua Wang et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

pH-Responsive Nanofibers for Precise and Sequential Delivery of Multiple Payloads

Man Theerasilp et al.

ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Brief update on endocytosis of nanomedicines

Siddharth Patel et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2019)

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Review Oncology

Concise update on colorectal cancer epidemiology

Camilla Mattiuzzi et al.

ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

De novo expression of human polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 (GalNAc-T6) in colon adenocarcinoma inhibits the differentiation of colonic epithelium

Kirstine Lavrsen et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Size Effect on Lipid Nanocapsule-Mediated GLP-1 Secretion from Enteroendocrine L Cells

Yining Xu et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The biology of mucus: Composition, synthesis and organization

Rama Bansil et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Efficacy and safety concerns over the use of mucus modulating agents for drug delivery using nanoscale systems

Peter I. Chater et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Engineering nanomaterials to overcome the mucosal barrier by modulating surface properties

Lei Wu et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review

Peilin Zheng et al.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

&ITN&IT-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and CSKSSDYQC peptide: &ITN&IT-trimethyl chitosan conjugates enhance the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine to treat breast cancer

Guanyu Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers for delivering cancer therapeutics

Tushar Date et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhanced oral absorption and anticancer efficacy of cabazitaxel by overcoming intestinal mucus and epithelium barriers using surface polyethylene oxide (PEO) decorated positively charged polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles

Tianyang Ren et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2018)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Type 1 diabetes

Linda A. DiMeglio et al.

LANCET (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Surface charge tunable nanoparticles for TNF-α siRNA oral delivery for treating ulcerative colitis

Shoaib Iqbal et al.

NANO RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Cell Biology

Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles

Guillaume van Niel et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection

Christoph A. Thaiss et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid transport of deformation-tuned nanoparticles across biological hydrogels and cellular barriers

Miaorong Yu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Transporter-Guided Delivery of Nanoparticles to Improve Drug Permeation across Cellular Barriers and Drug Exposure to Selective Cell Types

Longfa Kou et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Regional gastrointestinal pH profile is altered in patients with type 1 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy

A. -M. L. Wegeberg et al.

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Local delivery of macromolecules to treat diseases associated with the colon

A. Bak et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Trapping of Lipopolysaccharide to Promote Immunotherapy against Colorectal Cancer and Attenuate Liver Metastasis

Wantong Song et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Review Polymer Science

Stimuli-Responsive Cationic Hydrogels in Drug Delivery Applications

G. Roshan Deen et al.

GELS (2018)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Docetaxel Formulation Developed for Esophageal Stents

Mohsin Shaikh et al.

AAPS PHARMSCITECH (2017)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Hydrophobic ion pairing as a strategy to improve drug encapsulation into lipid nanocarriers for the cancer treatment

Mariana Silva Oliveira et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2017)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oral delivery of vancomycin by tetraether lipid liposomes

Philipp Uhl et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2017)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Absorption sites of orally administered drugs in the small intestine

Teruo Murakami

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY (2017)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Comparison of the protective effect of self-emulsifying peptide drug delivery systems towards intestinal proteases and glutathione

Gergely Hetenyi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2017)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Oesophageal cancer

Jesper Lagergren et al.

LANCET (2017)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Crohn's disease

Joana Torres et al.

LANCET (2017)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Ulcerative colitis

Ryan Ungaro et al.

LANCET (2017)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response

Qian Chen et al.

NUTRIENTS (2017)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

pH-Responsive carriers for oral drug delivery: challenges and opportunities of current platforms

Lin Liu et al.

DRUG DELIVERY (2017)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Recent advance in the pharmacogenomics of human Solute Carrier Transporters (SLCs) in drug disposition

Fanfan Zhou et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome: Association with digestive symptoms and quality of life

Razieh Choghakhori et al.

CYTOKINE (2017)

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Review Oncology

Pepsinogen C expression, regulation and its relationship with cancer

Shixuan Shen et al.

CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL (2017)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oral delivery of macromolecular drugs: Where we are after almost 100 years of attempts

Elena Moroz et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2016)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Current status of selected oral peptide technologies in advanced preclinical development and in clinical trials

T. A. S. Aguirre et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2016)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery

Sam Maher et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2016)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Navigating the human gastrointestinal tract for oral drug delivery: Uncharted waters and new frontiers

Mirko Koziolek et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2016)

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Review Cell Biology

Mechanisms of outer membrane vesicle entry into host cells

Eloise J. O'Donoghue et al.

CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Mucoadhesive vs. mucopenetrating particulate drug delivery

Kesinee Netsomboon et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS (2016)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Challenges in oral drug delivery in patients with esophageal dysphagia

Wouter F. W. Kappelle et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Protease inhibition as new therapeutic strategy for GI diseases

Nathalie Vergnolle

GUT (2016)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Effect of particle size on their accumulation in an inflammatory lesion in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model

Ayaka Watanabe et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Cellular uptake and transcytosis of lipid-based nanoparticles across the intestinal barrier: Relevance for oral drug delivery

Ana Rute Neves et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Role of nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry in oral drug delivery

Amrita Banerjee et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanoparticles for oral delivery: Design, evaluation and state-of-the-art

Abhijit A. Date et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Gastric cancer

Eric Van Cutsem et al.

LANCET (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Synchronized cycles of bacterial lysis for in vivo delivery

M. Omar Din et al.

NATURE (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Interplay between bile acid metabolism and microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

M. Dior et al.

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Regional gastrointestinal transit times in severe ulcerative colitis

A. M. Haase et al.

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY (2016)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies

Tao Hu et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Peptide nanofiber-CaCO3 composite microparticles as adjuvant-free oral vaccine delivery vehicles

Joshua D. Snook et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B (2016)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Association of Bactericidal Dysfunction of Paneth Cells in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice with Insulin Deficiency

Tao Yu et al.

MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR (2016)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery

Jianyu Li et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2016)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Sodium dodecyl sulfate/β-cyclodextrin vesicles embedded in chitosan gel for insulin delivery with pH-selective release

Zhuo Li et al.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Active Targeted Nanoparticles for Oral Administration of Gastric Cancer Therapy

Yu-Hsin Lin et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2015)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Implication of Nanofibers in Oral Drug Delivery

Himani Kapahi et al.

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2015)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery technologies for oral delivery applications

Eric M. Pridgen et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Nerve Fiber Outgrowth Is Increased in the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Giovanni Dothel et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2015)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Mucoadhesive oral films: The potential for unmet needs

Branca M. A. Silva et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Effect of surface chemistry on nanoparticle interaction with gastrointestinal mucus and distribution in the gastrointestinal tract following oral and rectal administration in the mouse

Katharina Maisel et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Using exosomes, naturally-equipped nanocarriers, for drug delivery

Elena V. Batrakova et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Enhanced stability of oral insulin in targeted peptide ligand trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles against trypsin

Jiexiu Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION (2015)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Intestinal Transport of Bovine Milk Exosomes Is Mediated by Endocytosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cells and Rat Small Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

Tovah Wolf et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2015)

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Review Cell Biology

Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut

Andrea Michielan et al.

MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (2015)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

SLC transporters as therapeutic targets: emerging opportunities

Lawrence Lin et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2015)

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Review Microbiology

Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria: biogenesis and functions

Carmen Schwechheimer et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Reduction in duodenal endocrine cells in irritable bowel syndrome is associated with stem cell abnormalities

Magdy El-Salhy et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2015)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier

Tyler J. Caron et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2015)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Nanoparticle based insulin delivery system: the next generation efficient therapy for Type 1 diabetes

Garima Sharma et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ralph A. DeFronzo et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2015)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Developments of mucus penetrating nanoparticles

Min Liu et al.

ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment

Stephanie Da Silva et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Polymeric Nanoparticle Technologies for Oral Drug Delivery

Eric M. Pridgen et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Therapeutic applications of hydrogels in oral drug delivery

Lindsey A. Sharpe et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2014)

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Article Oncology

Conventional stents versus stents loaded with 125iodine seeds for the treatment of unresectable oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial

Hai-Dong Zhu et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2014)

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