Recent Advances in the Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Rice Resistance to Brown Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stal)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of Earth's population. Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St & aring;l, BPH) is a host-specific pest of rice responsible for inducing major losses in rice production. Utilizing host resistance to control N. lugens is considered to be the most cost-effective method. Therefore, the exploration of resistance genes and resistance mechanisms has become the focus of breeders' attention. During the long-term co-evolution process, rice has evolved multiple mechanisms to defend against BPH infection, and BPHs have evolved various mechanisms to overcome the defenses of rice plants. More than 49 BPH-resistance genes/QTLs have been reported to date, and the responses of rice to BPH feeding activity involve various processes, including MAPK activation, plant hormone production, Ca2+ flux, etc. Several secretory proteins of BPHs have been identified and are involved in activating or suppressing a series of defense responses in rice. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of rice-BPH interactions. We also discuss research progress in controlling methods of brown planthoppers, including cultural management, trap cropping, and biological control. These studies contribute to the establishment of green integrated management systems for brown planthoppers.

Automated summary

Rice is a staple food for over half of the world's population, but its production is often threatened by the brown planthopper (BPH), a host-specific pest. Utilizing host resistance has been found to be a cost-effective method to control BPH. Research has identified numerous BPH-resistance genes/QTLs in rice, and the response of rice to BPH feeding involves various biological processes. Secretory proteins of BPHs have also been found to play a role in activating or suppressing rice's defense responses.