Wnt/β-Catenin-Signaling Modulates Megakaryopoiesis at the Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte Progenitor Stage in the Hematopoietic System

The bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic system (HS) gives rise to blood cells originating from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including megakaryocytes (MKs) and red blood cells (erythrocytes; RBCs). Many steps of the cell-fate decision remain to be elucidated, being important for cancer treatment. To explore the role of Wnt/beta-catenin for MK and RBC differentiation, we activated beta-catenin signaling in platelet-derived growth factor b (Pdgfb)-expressing cells of the HS using a Cre-lox approach (Ctnnb1(BM-GOF)). FACS analysis revealed that Pdgfb is mainly expressed by megakaryocytic progenitors (MKPs), MKs and platelets. Recombination resulted in a lethal phenotype in mutants (Ctnnb1(BM-GOFwt/fl), Ctnnb1(BM-GOFfl/fl)) 3 weeks after tamoxifen injection, showing an increase in MKs in the BM and spleen, but no pronounced anemia despite reduced erythrocyte counts. BM transplantation (BMT) of Ctnnb1(BM-GOF) BM into lethally irradiated wildtype recipients (BMT-Ctnnb1(BM-GOF)) confirmed the megakaryocytic, but not the lethal phenotype. CFU-MK assays in vitro with BM cells of Ctnnb1(BM-GOF) mice supported MK skewing at the expense of erythroid colonies. Molecularly, the runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mRNA, known to suppress erythropoiesis, was upregulated in Ctnnb1(BM-GOF) BM cells. In conclusion, beta-catenin activation plays a key role in cell-fate decision favoring MK development at the expense of erythroid production.

Automated summary

This study reveals the crucial role of β-catenin activation in the differentiation of megakaryocytes and red blood cells, promoting the development of megakaryocytes at the expense of erythropoiesis.