☆ 4.8 Review

Biomimetic Wearable Sensors: Emerging Combination of Intelligence and Electronics

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2023)

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Recent Progresses in Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Dumindu G. Dassanayaka et al.

Summary: Integrating electronics with clothing and the human body is becoming a reality, revolutionizing future life. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), utilizing static charging between materials to convert mechanical vibrations into electricity, are seen as a leading candidate to power wearable electronics due to their advantages such as high power outputs, efficiency, low cost, ease of fabrication, lightweight, and wearability.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Biophysics

Wireless portable bioelectronic nose device for multiplex monitoring toward food freshness/spoilage

Kyung Ho Kim et al.

Summary: In this study, a portable bioelectronic nose (BE-nose) integrated with trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) nanodiscs (NDs) was developed for food quality monitoring. The BE-nose showed high sensitivity in detecting the biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine in food samples. Additionally, by integrating commercial gas sensors, the accuracy and reliability of the BE-nose platform for real food samples were improved.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

In situ synthesis of highly stretchable, freeze-tolerant silk-polyelectrolyte double-network hydrogels for multifunctional flexible sensing

Buguang Zhou et al.

Summary: In this study, enzymatically integrated dual anti-freezing silk-crosslinked polyelectrolyte hydrogels (SCPEHs) were synthesized using a one-pot in situ synthesis method. The SCPEHs exhibited high stretchability, ionic conductivity, and freezing resistance, making them suitable for wearable electronics applications. The hydrogels also showed excellent mechanical properties and sensitivity to weak signals from the human body.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

An artificial olfactory sensor based on flexible metal-organic frameworks for sensing VOCs

Huayun Chen et al.

Summary: Flexible metal-organic framework (MOF) sensor allows high selectivity detection of VOCs and exhibits excellent reversibility and storage stability. It also shows potential in identifying plant diseases caused by pathogen infection.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Recent Progress on Flexible Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Lang-Xi Ou et al.

Summary: This article presents the recent research progress of metal oxide semiconductor-based room-temperature gas sensors and discusses the influence of various modified materials on the performance of gas sensors. The effect of light illumination on gas sensing performance and the applications and future perspectives of room-temperature gas sensors are also discussed.

NANO-MICRO LETTERS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Engineered Living Materials For Sustainability

Bolin An et al.

Summary: Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a new form of materials composed of living matter or cell communities embedded in self-regenerating matrices or artificial scaffolds. Similar to natural materials like bone and skin, ELMs possess the functional capabilities of living organisms, including the ability to grow, self-organize, self-repair, and perform programmed biological functions upon sensing external cues. ELMs show promise in areas such as green energy production, bioremediation, disease treatment, and fabricating advanced smart materials.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A stretchable and adhesive composite hydrogel containing PEDOT:PSS for wide-range and precise motion sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding and as a triboelectric nanogenerator

Zixuan Zhou et al.

Summary: This study developed a composite hydrogel with excellent flexibility and electrical conductivity, which can adhere to various substrates. The hydrogel also has excellent electromagnetic shielding effect and can detect human motion signals and express sign language through electrical signals. Additionally, the hydrogel can act as a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Artificial olfactory sensor technology that mimics the olfactory mechanism: a comprehensive review

Chuntae Kim et al.

Summary: Artificial olfactory sensors are a technology that can recognize patterns transmitted by olfactory receptors. Statistical processing methods and data processing technology enable the classification of patterns in sensor arrays. With the introduction of deep learning and artificial intelligence technologies, as well as artificial neural networks, the classification of pattern data from more sensor arrays is possible.

BIOMATERIALS RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Nondestructive identification of softness via bioinspired multisensory electronic skins integrated on a robotic hand

Ye Qiu et al.

Summary: This study presents a scatheless measuring methodology using multisensory electronic skins to quantify the elastic coefficient of soft materials. By classifying softness based on piezoelectric signals and a machine learning algorithm, and then conducting quantitative measurements via strain sensing feedback, satisfactory interaction with fragile objects is achieved.

NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Machine Learning Methods for Automatic Silent Speech Recognition Using a Wearable Graphene Strain Gauge Sensor

Dafydd Ravenscroft et al.

Summary: Silent speech recognition using a wearable graphene strain gauge sensor combined with machine learning algorithms is proposed in this work. The sensor detects small throat movements and vibrations, and the algorithms decode the non-audio signals to predict intended speech. The results demonstrate a high accuracy rate for predicting spoken words, proving the feasibility of automating silent speech recognition with this approach.

SENSORS (2022)

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Review Automation & Control Systems

Augmenting Sensor Performance with Machine Learning Towards Smart Wearable Sensing Electronic Systems

Songlin Zhang et al.

Summary: This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of machine learning-assisted wearable sensing electronic systems (WSES). It highlights how accurate perceptions of physiological signals through different algorithm paradigms enhance the performance of WSES, and discusses the broad applications and challenges faced by ML-assisted WSES.

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Specialized morphology and material properties make a honey bee tongue both extendible and structurally stable

Yu Sun et al.

Summary: The study reveals that each segmental unit of a honey bee tongue is a complex structure composed of an intersegmental membrane and a ring-like hair base, with spatially distributed discrete changes in material properties. These components make the tongue multifunctional, providing compliance with resilin-rich material in intersegmental membranes and stable support with rigid sclerotized material in hair bases.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Bioinspired, Superhydrophobic, and Paper-Based Strain Sensors for Wearable and Underwater Applications

Linpeng Liu et al.

Summary: The paper-based strain sensor with high sensitivity and water repellency is successfully fabricated using a bioinspired strategy inspired by lotus leaf and scorpion, showing excellent performance for monitoring human motions and detecting underwater vibrations.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bioinspired Gradient Conductivity and Stiffness for Ultrasensitive Electronic Skins

Youngoh Lee et al.

Summary: This paper presents a high-performance electronic skin sensor that achieves high sensitivity piezoresistive sensing and linear response by controlling tactile stress transfer and current transfer within gradient structures. The sensor demonstrates efficient stress localization and current pathway activation, resulting in high pressure sensitivity, rapid response time, low detection threshold, low operating voltage, and durability during repetitive pressure cycles. The sensor's performance enables applications such as acoustic wave detection, gas differentiation, tactile manipulation, and pulse pressure waveform monitoring.

ACS NANO (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dopamine-Triggered Hydrogels with High Transparency, Self-Adhesion, and Thermoresponse as Skinlike Sensors

Chao Zhang et al.

Summary: The dopamine-triggered gelation (DTG) strategy has successfully fabricated mussel-inspired conductive, transparent hydrogels with superior performances. These hydrogels exhibit pronounced adhesion, robust elasticity, self-healing ability, injectability and 3D printability, as well as reversible and tunable transparent-opaque transition and thermoresponsive feature.

ACS NANO (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Textile Technology for Soft Robotic and Autonomous Garments

Vanessa Sanchez et al.

Summary: Textiles are a promising material platform for developing wearable robots, thanks to their flexibility, low weight, breathability, and programmability at multiple scales. Robotists have started using textiles as functional components for actuation and sensing, while materials scientists are developing new materials that respond to thermal, electrical, and hygroscopic stimuli. This highlights the potential of textiles for wearable robotic garments and the importance of materials development.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Freestanding silver/polypyrrole composite film for multifunctional sensor with biomimetic micropattern for physiological signals monitoring

Dong Wang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the design and fabrication of flexible electronic sensors using biomimetic microstructures from natural lotus leaves and freestanding polypyrrole/silver hybrid films to detect pressures, stretching, and bending forces. The sensors exhibit high sensitivity and multifunctionality, showing promise for future applications in wearable electronics and human-machine devices.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Self-Powered Flexible Sour Sensor for Detecting Ascorbic Acid Concentration Based on Triboelectrification/Enzymatic-Reaction Coupling Effect

Tianming Zhao et al.

Summary: The study presents a self-powered flexible gustation sour sensor for detecting ascorbic acid concentration, operating on the basis of triboelectrification and enzymatic-reaction coupling effect. The device can collect energy from body movements without external power, showing sensitivity to AA concentration and potential for detecting ascorbic acid concentration in various beverages.

SENSORS (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Materials design by synthetic biology

Tzu-Chieh Tang et al.

Summary: Synthetic biology utilizes genetic tools to engineer living cells and organisms, similar to machine programming; materials synthetic biology integrates principles from synthetic biology and materials science to redesign living systems into dynamic and responsive materials.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Wearable triboelectric sensors for biomedical monitoring and human-machine interface

Xianjie Pu et al.

Summary: The growing advocacy of healthy and quality life has led to the emergence of wearable electronics. The triboelectric sensor (TS) has become a key technology in this field, capable of monitoring vital signs and movements of the human body. Advancements in biomedical monitoring over the past 5 years have focused on pulse, respiration, and pressure monitoring, with potential for novel human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Future trends in biomedical monitoring and HMIs based on TSs will continue to be explored.

ISCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanowire-Based Soft Wearable Human-Machine Interfaces for Future Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications

Kaixuan Wang et al.

Summary: As augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology become commercially available, there is potential for skin sensory interface to serve as the next-generation AR/VR technology. Nanowire-based soft wearable HMI sensors and other emerging technologies like soft contact lenses, haptic force actuators, and feedback mechanisms offer a more comfortable and immersive experience for future AR/VR systems.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Release of Different Neurotransmitters Emulated by a p-i-n Junction Synaptic Transistor for Environment-Responsive Action Control

Shuo Zhang et al.

Summary: The p-i-n junction synaptic transistor emulates fast switching between single neurotransmitters and multiple neurotransmissions, as well as the synergistic effect of taste and aroma on food intake control in the brain. Its bipolarity allows for excellent reconfigurability, simulating synaptic plasticity and the response of gustatory receptor neurons to different salt concentrations. This electronic device lays the foundation for future complex artificial neural networks.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Biophysics

A wearable battery-free wireless and skin-interfaced microfluidics integrated electrochemical sensing patch for on-site biomarkers monitoring in human perspiration

Shipeng Zhang et al.

Summary: The study developed a new electrochemical sensing patch system for on-site monitoring of potassium ion concentration in human sweat. By utilizing multiwalled carbon nanotube and MXene-Ti3C2TX based hybrid multi-dimensional networks, a high surface activation area and faster charge transfer rate were achieved, accelerating the kinetic process of ion diffusion.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

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Article Biophysics

Wearable sensors: At the frontier of personalised health monitoring, smart prosthetics and assistive technologies

Farnaz Khoshmanesh et al.

Summary: Wearable sensors have evolved into highly integrated, compact, and versatile devices that can continuously monitor body signals and interact with the surrounding environment or equipment. Future research directions include personalized health monitoring, achieving tactile sensation and pain perception, and assistive technologies for disabled individuals.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Lotus leaf inspired superhydrophobic rubber composites for temperature stable piezoresistive sensors with ultrahigh compressibility and linear working range

Ling Wang et al.

Summary: The flexible electrically conductive polymer foam composite (CPFC) with lotus leaf inspired microstructure shows excellent performance in harsh environments, stable electrical conductivity, and high compressibility.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Three-dimensional Printed Ultrahighly Sensitive Bioinspired Ionic Skin Based on Submicrometer-Scale Structures by Polymerization Shrinkage

Ling Cai et al.

Summary: The 3D printed poly(PDES) ionic skin demonstrated high transparency, compressibility, and intrinsic conductivity, enabling ultrabroad range pressure sensing with superhigh sensitivity and high electrical durability. The bioinspired design with submicrometer protrusions allowed for visually detected pressure sensors suitable for flexible wearable monitoring equipment and human-computer interaction, showing great potential in the field.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-assembled natural biomacromolecular fluorescent hydrogels with tunable red edge effects

Weiwei Su et al.

Summary: Traditional fluorescent hydrogels rely on specific fluorophores, which can limit their practical applications due to higher cytotoxicity and lower water solubility. However, a recent study has discovered a fluorescent hydrogel that can emit strong fluorescence without the need for specific fluorophores, showing potential for new applications.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nature inspired emerging sensing technology: Recent progress and perspectives

Ashis Tripathy et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the latest developments in bio-inspired sensing and biosensing materials, focusing on design and mechanisms to analyze their potential in multifunctional sensing applications. It highlights various bioinspired structural features and their functional properties, provides an overview of fundamental mechanisms of distinct living creatures, and describes elaborately various sensing and biosensing applications of nature-inspired structures/functions. The challenges and prospects of nature-inspired smart sensing and biosensing technology for the 21st century are also discussed.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Applications, challenges, and needs for employing synthetic biology beyond the lab

Sierra M. Brooks et al.

Summary: Current developments in synthetic biology are not immediately applicable outside of the controlled laboratory environment. In this Perspective, the authors outline the advances and challenges the field faces in operating in resource limited and off-the-grid scenarios.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Lab under the Skin: Microneedle Based Wearable Devices

Hazhir Teymourian et al.

Summary: The latest trend in wearable devices is the development of microneedle-based transdermal sensors for real-time monitoring of health parameters at the molecular level. These sensors offer the advantages of extracting clinical indicators from interstitial fluid and painless skin pricking. The future focus is on assembling electrochemical biosensors on microneedles for direct continuous chemical measurements and overcoming existing challenges in commercializing these innovative products.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fingerpad-Inspired Multimodal Electronic Skin for Material Discrimination and Texture Recognition

Giwon Lee et al.

Summary: This study reports a method for achieving a stretchable multimodal electronic skin device that operates based on various electrical properties, exceeding human tactile perception capabilities, and enabling material discrimination and texture recognition.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Self-powered electro-tactile system for virtual tactile experiences

Yuxiang Shi et al.

Summary: The proposed self-powered, highly sensitive ET system based on TENG has potential applications in virtual reality and augmented reality systems.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biomimetic and flexible piezoelectric mobile acoustic sensors with multiresonant ultrathin structures for machine learning biometrics

Hee Seung Wang et al.

Summary: Research on highly sensitive piezoelectric mobile acoustic sensors using ultrathin membranes to broaden resonant bandwidth for covering the entire voice spectrum. Integration of the acoustic sensor module with machine learning-based biometric authentication demonstrated. Exceptional error rate reduction in speaker identification achieved with PMAS module compared to conventional microelectromechanical system microphone.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

An epidermal patch for the simultaneous monitoring of haemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers

Juliane R. Sempionatto et al.

Summary: This study presents a smart skin-worn device that can monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and various biomarkers, allowing for the capture of physiological effects of food intake and exercise.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biomimetic Hairy Whiskers for Robotic Skin Tactility

Jie An et al.

Summary: Through biomimetic whisker mechanoreceptor technology, external mechanical stimuli can be converted into electrical signals without an external power supply, making it conducive to applications in robotics. By amplifying external weak signals and further improving the technology, real-time sensing can be achieved, demonstrating the potential of robotic tactile systems.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Bioinspired kinesthetic system for human-machine interaction

Liuting Shan et al.

Summary: Kinesthesia, as a fundamental human sense, plays a vital role in responding and adapting to stimuli. This study introduces an artificial kinesthetic system that can perceive muscle/joint motion and orientation, while also assessing fatigue driving risk for improved efficiency in instruction recognition.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Piezoelectric materials for flexible and wearable electronics: A review

Yongling Wu et al.

Summary: This article reviews the applications of flexible piezoelectric materials in self-powered devices and micro-sensors, discussing their potential value in medical healthcare and robotics technology, as well as the properties and applications of piezoelectric materials.

MATERIALS & DESIGN (2021)

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Article Robotics

Visual-inertial hand motion tracking with robustness against occlusion, interference, and contact

Yongseok Lee et al.

Summary: State-of-the-art technologies for hand motion tracking are not always accurate and robust. Our proposed visual-inertial skeleton tracking (VIST) framework addresses these issues by utilizing IMUs, visual markers, and a filtering-based visual-inertial fusion algorithm to achieve accurate and robust hand tracking in various real-world scenarios, with affordable cost, lightweight hardware and software, and wash durability.

SCIENCE ROBOTICS (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Bioelectronic control of a microbial community using surface-assembled electrogenetic cells to route signals

Jessica L. Terrell et al.

Summary: Living electrodes facilitate signaling within microbial communities, coordinating behavior. This study developed a bioelectronic communication system that allows exchange of information between living cells and an engineered microbial network, enabling real-time control and feedback. The system demonstrates how molecular communication can be propagated to drive biological signal propagation and programmed tasks concurrently.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A flexible ultrasensitive optoelectronic sensor array for neuromorphic vision systems

Qian-Bing Zhu et al.

Summary: The challenges of developing neuromorphic vision systems inspired by the human eye involve the recreation of flexibility, sophistication, and adaptability of animal systems with computational efficiency and elegance. The integration of image sensing, memory, and processing functions into the device, along with real-time processing of analog brightness signals, is crucial for practical artificial vision systems. High integration, flexibility, and ultra-sensitivity are essential for emulating biological processing in artificial vision systems.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Flexible Wearable Sensors for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring

Shuwen Chen et al.

Summary: This paper outlines and discusses advanced flexible wearable sensors for monitoring cardiovascular vital signals, highlighting functional materials, configurations, mechanisms, and recent advances, as well as discussing challenges, possible strategies, and future directions. With rapid development, these flexible wearable sensors have the potential to be applied for both medical diagnosis and daily healthcare use in addressing cardiovascular diseases.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multimodal Wearable Sensor Sheet for Health-Related Chemical and Physical Monitoring

Shota Hozumi et al.

Summary: Continuous multiple data health monitoring has the potential to detect abnormal conditions or early stages of diseases. A promising architecture for monitoring small vital signals is an attachable flexible multimodal sensor system that can detect multiple health conditions from the skin surface. While recent breakthroughs have enabled continuous monitoring of sweat chemicals or physical conditions using flexible sensors, integrating multimodal sensors to simultaneously and accurately monitor chemical and physical information remains a challenge.

ACS SENSORS (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A review on conductive polymers and their hybrids for flexible and wearable thermoelectric applications

G. Prunet et al.

Summary: There is a growing demand for flexible and wearable next-generation electronic devices that can bend and stretch under mechanical deformation. Energy harvesting technologies have heavily invested in organic and polymeric semiconducting materials for their large-area synthesis, low cost, low toxicity, high flexibility, and tunable electronic properties. Various research has made progress in stretchable, wearable thermoelectric devices that can harvest energy from a temperature gradient and produce electricity.

MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multimodal Artificial Neurological Sensory-Memory System Based on Flexible Carbon Nanotube Synaptic Transistor

Haochuan Wan et al.

Summary: The sensory-memory system is crucial in the formation of human intelligence, enabling perception, interaction, and evolution with the environment. The electronic implementation of this system is driving the development of environment-interactive artificial intelligence, potentially expanding the application of AI in human-computer interaction. The biomimetic intelligence demonstrated in this system shows promise in advancing multimodal, user-environment interactive AI.

ACS NANO (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hierarchically Microstructure-Bioinspired Flexible Piezoresistive Bioelectronics

Tao Yang et al.

Summary: The hierarchically microstructure-bioinspired piezoresistive sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity, wide pressure detection range, fast response time, and can monitor human physiological signals and movement states successfully.

ACS NANO (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An Anti-freezing, Ambient-Stable and Highly Stretchable Ionic Skin with Strong Surface Adhesion for Wearable Sensing and Soft Robotics

Binbin Ying et al.

Summary: The novel iSkin hydrogel-based ionic skin demonstrates high toughness, high stretchability, excellent anti-freezing capability, and strong surface adhesion, making it suitable for wearable sensing and soft robotics with good conductivity and environmental adaptability.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Pangolin-Inspired Stretchable, Microwave-Invisible Metascale

Changxian Wang et al.

Summary: This study proposes a novel soft-rigid-connection strategy inspired by the pangolin to design a stretchable metamaterial, PIMS, consisting of EMD-scale and elastomer. The device demonstrates robust microwave-absorbing capacity and superior stretchability, with the RCS reduction performance significantly outperforming conventional devices on nondevelopable surfaces. This conceptually novel platform provides a new approach for developing stretchable, nondevelopable surface conformable functional devices.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Bioinspired Stretchable Sensory-Neuromorphic System

Sun Hong Kim et al.

Summary: This new bioinspired system features stretchable sensory-neuromorphic technology with good stretchability and conductivity, accurately recognizing various patterned stimuli through an artificial neural network. The design of the system not only improves areal density and structural reliability but also avoids the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive stretchable electronic components.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cactus-Spine-Inspired Sweat-Collecting Patch for Fast and Continuous Monitoring of Sweat

Jonghyun Son et al.

Summary: A sweat sensor using a sweat-collecting patch efficiently collects sweat and allows for quick response to and continuous monitoring of changes in sweat biochemicals.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Energy Autonomous Sweat-Based Wearable Systems

Libu Manjakkal et al.

Summary: Research has shown that sweat-based energy generation and storage technologies can provide sustainable and safe power for wearable electronic devices. These technologies have high power and energy densities to meet the energy needs in various applications.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Wearable materials with embedded synthetic biology sensors for biomolecule detection

Peter Q. Nguyen et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the development of wearable devices functionalized with freeze-dried, cell-free synthetic circuits for noninvasive detection of biomolecules, including virus nucleic acids, without the need for living engineered bacteria. The technology shows promise for expanding opportunities in physiological status monitoring and disease detection.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Highly conductive and elastic nanomembrane for skin electronics

Dongjun Jung et al.

Summary: The float assembly method allows for the fabrication of nanomembranes with high conductivity, stretchability, and ultrathin thickness, enabling skin electronics to achieve high elasticity and patterning for multifunctional epidermal sensor arrays.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Fully self-healable, highly stretchable, and anti-freezing supramolecular gels for energy-harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator and self-powered wearable electronics

Amir Khan et al.

Summary: This study presents a self-healable, stretchable, and anti-freezing nanogenerator with wide working temperature range, high stretchability, and fast self-healing capability, suitable for autonomous flexible electronics.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bionic Ultra-Sensitive Self-Powered Electromechanical Sensor for Muscle-Triggered Communication Application

Hong Zhou et al.

Summary: Inspired by biomimicry, researchers have developed an ultra-sensitive electromechanical sensor based on TENG technology for communication aid HMI applications for disabled individuals. This sensor features high sensitivity and signal intensity, enabling safe, accurate, and stable communication aid through machine learning algorithms and Morse code.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Diving beetle-like miniaturized plungers with reversible, rapid biofluid capturing for machine learning-based care of skin disease

Sangyul Baik et al.

Summary: Recent advances in bioinspired nano/microstructures have garnered attention as promising approaches for implementing smart skin-interfacial devices for personalized health care. A simple, all-in-one device with microplungers and hydrogels has been developed, allowing for rapid capture of biofluids and conformal attachment to skin for stable, real-time health monitoring. Inspired by the male diving beetle, the microplungers achieve repeatable, enhanced, and multidirectional adhesion to human skin in dry/wet environments, while the hydrogels within them absorb liquids from the epidermis for enhanced adhesiveness and reversible color change for visual indication of skin pH levels.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Continuous monitoring of deep-tissue haemodynamics with stretchable ultrasonic phased arrays

Chonghe Wang et al.

Summary: The development and testing of a prototype skin-conformal ultrasonic phased array for monitoring haemodynamic signals from tissues up to 14 cm beneath the skin are reported. This device allows for active focusing and steering of ultrasound beams to target regions of interest, opening up opportunities for wearable diagnostics. In healthy volunteers, the phased array has shown promising results in monitoring Doppler spectra from cardiac tissues and estimating central and cerebral blood flows in real time.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Curvy, shape-adaptive imagers based on printed optoelectronic pixels with a kirigami design

Zhoulyu Rao et al.

Summary: The study focuses on creating shape-adaptive imagers using kirigami design in ultrathin silicon pixels, with high pixel fill factors. These imagers can adjust shape for imaging applications requiring low optical aberration and tunable focusing power. Additionally, combining a concave-shaped imager with a tunable lens allows for adaptive optical focus to capture distant and near objects with low aberration.

NATURE ELECTRONICS (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials Synthesis and Applications in Flexible and Wearable Sensors

Yeosang Yoon et al.

Summary: Metal-oxide nanomaterials (MONs) have attracted considerable interest in the construction of flexible/wearable sensors due to their tunable band gap, low cost, large specific area, and ease of manufacturing, showing promising applications in gas leakage alarms, environmental protection, health tracking, and smart devices. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of factors to boost the sensitivity of MON-based sensors in environmental indicators and health monitoring, while also considering challenges and future perspectives in the field of MON-based flexible/wearable sensors.

ACS NANOSCIENCE AU (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A biomimetic conductive super-foldable material

Guangtao Zan et al.

Summary: This study presents a super-foldable conductive carbon material with layered nanofiber network structures, capable of withstanding 1,000,000 times repeated true-folding without damage and conductivity fluctuations. The unique structure of the material can disperse stress and prevent nanofibers from directly facing 180 degrees folding during true-folding.

MATTER (2021)

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Review Automation & Control Systems

Skin-Like Electronics for Perception and Interaction: Materials, Structural Designs, and Applications

Yinji Ma et al.

Summary: Recent advances in the material and structural design of skin-like electronics have improved interactions between the virtual and physical worlds, as well as between people and objects. This review discusses existing flexible sensing materials and microstructures, and introduces five typical skin-like electronics with sensitivities similar to human senses and their applications. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities for future research in flexible hybrid electronics are provided.

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Gas sensing performance of 2D nanomaterials/metal oxide nanocomposites: a review

Vijendra Singh Bhati et al.

Summary: Gas sensors have seen a significant increase in utilization in recent years, with the choice of appropriate materials being crucial for achieving optimal performance. Research has shown that combining metal oxides and 2D nanomaterials can enhance the gas-sensing capabilities of sensors.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A highly stretchable and anti-freezing silk-based conductive hydrogel for application as a self-adhesive and transparent ionotronic skin

Bohua Zhao et al.

Summary: A highly stretchable, transparent, self-adhesive silk-based hydrogel with anti-freezing and anti-drying properties has been successfully developed, suitable for use in a strain/temperature dual sensor. It exhibits good peeling strength on different substrates and has promising potential for application in soft electronic devices.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Flexible printed single-walled carbon nanotubes olfactory synaptic transistors with crosslinked poly(4-vinylphenol) as dielectrics

Min Li et al.

Summary: Flexible brain-inspired neuromorphic transistors demonstrate excellent electrical properties and the ability to mimic synaptic plasticity. The behavior of these devices is related to the weight concentration of ionic liquids and they can simulate the inhibitory characteristics of olfactory neurons.

FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A DNA-inspired hydrogel mechanoreceptor with skin-like mechanical behavior

Qin Zhang et al.

Summary: A DNA-inspired hydrogel mechanoreceptor with skin-like perception and mechanical behavior has been designed, exhibiting high sensitivity towards strain and pressure, and presenting negligible electromechanical hysteresis even at large deformations. It can function as reliable wearable sensors for detecting whole-body movements and physiological signals. The hydrogels are anticipated to fuel the development of new generation of flexible electronics.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Mimicking Human and Biological Skins for Multifunctional Skin Electronics

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Shape memory superhydrophobic surface with switchable transition between Lotus Effect to Rose Petal Effect

Yanlong Shao et al.

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Bioinspired Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Self-Powered Electronic Skin for Robotic Tactile Sensing

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Triazine-Based Two-Dimensional Organic Polymer for Selective NO2 Sensing with Excellent Performance

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Bioinspired Fluffy Fabric with In Situ Grown Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrasensitive Wearable Airflow Sensor

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Electromagnetic Shielding of Monolayer MXene Assemblies

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Graphene-based wearable piezoresistive physical sensors

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Resilient living materials built by printing bacterial spores

Lina M. Gonzalez et al.

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Recent Advances in durability of superhydrophobic self-cleaning technology: A critical review

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Nonlinearly Frequency-Adaptive, Self-Powered, Proton-Driven Somatosensor Inspired by a Human Mechanoreceptor

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A Soft Resistive Acoustic Sensor Based on Suspended Standing Nanowire Membranes with Point Crack Design

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A Behavior-Learned Cross-Reactive Sensor Matrix for Intelligent Skin Perception

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL (2020)

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Biomimetic and porous nanofiber-based hybrid sensor for multifunctional pressure sensing and human gesture identification via deep learning method

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Engineered Microstructure Derived Hierarchical Deformation of Flexible Pressure Sensor Induces a Supersensitive Piezoresistive Property in Broad Pressure Range

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Hierarchically patterned self-powered sensors for multifunctional tactile sensing

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Artificial multimodal receptors based on ion relaxation dynamics

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Wireless sensors for continuous, multimodal measurements at the skin interface with lower limb prostheses

Jean Won Kwak et al.

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Biomimetic, biocompatible and robust silk Fibroin-MXene film with stable 3D cross-link structure for flexible pressure sensors

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Tilted magnetic micropillars enabled dual-mode sensor for tactile/touchless perceptions

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Bioinspired, multifunctional dual -mode pressure sensors as electronic skin for decoding complex loading processes and human motions

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A systematic review of the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in autoimmune diseases

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Programming Living Glue Systems to Perform Autonomous Mechanical Repairs

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SOFT MATTER (2020)

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Progress in wearable electronics/photonics-Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

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NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Flexible and Superwettable Bands as a Platform toward Sweat Sampling and Sensing

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Water-Resistant and Skin-Adhesive Wearable Electronics Using Graphene Fabric Sensor with Octopus-Inspired Microsuckers

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Highly Stretchable and Transparent Double-Network Hydrogel Ionic Conductors as Flexible Thermal-Mechanical Dual Sensors and Electroluminescent Devices

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Biomimetic Water-Responsive Self-Healing Epoxy with Tunable Properties

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Superhydrophobic Electrically Conductive Paper for Ultrasensitive Strain Sensor with Excellent Anticorrosion and Self-Cleaning Property

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High-Adhesion Stretchable Electrode via Cross-Linking Intensified Electroless Deposition on a Biomimetic Elastomeric Micropore Film

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Progress in Triboelectric Materials: Toward High Performance and Widespread Applications

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Light-Controlled, High-Resolution Patterning of Living Engineered Bacteria Onto Textiles, Ceramics, and Plastic

Felix Moser et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

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Self-Powered Pressure- and Vibration-Sensitive Tactile Sensors for Learning Technique-Based Neural Finger Skin

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NANO LETTERS (2019)

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Learning the signatures of the human grasp using a scalable tactile glove

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NATURE (2019)

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Polyvinyl Alcohol/Silk Fibroin/Borax Hydrogel lonotronics: A Highly Stretchable, Self-Healable, and Biocompatible Sensing Platform

Ningning Yang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Bioinspired Interlocked Structure-Induced High Deformability for Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene)/Natural Microcapsule-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors

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ACS NANO (2019)

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Multi-Layered, Hierarchical Fabric-Based Tactile Sensors with High Sensitivity and Linearity in Ultrawide Pressure Range

Soonjae Pyo et al.

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Highly Stable and Stretchable Conductive Films through-Thermal-Radiation-Assisted Metal Encapsulation

Zhiyuan Liu et al.

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Ultra-stretchable wearable strain sensors based on skin-inspired adhesive, tough and conductive hydrogels

Qin Zhang et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2019)

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A bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater sensing and energy harvesting

Yang Zou et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Monitoring biomolecule concentrations in tissue using a wearable droplet microfluidic-based sensor

Adrian M. Nightingale et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Pneumatic actuator and flexible piezoelectric sensor for soft virtual reality glove system

Kahye Song et al.

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A neuro-inspired artificial peripheral nervous system for scalable electronic skins

Wang Wei Lee et al.

SCIENCE ROBOTICS (2019)

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One-Step Preparation of a Highly Stretchable, Conductive, and Transparent Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Phytic Acid Hydrogel for Casual Writing Circuits

Shuai Zhang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Biomimetic Extreme-Temperature- and Environment-Adaptable Hydrogels

Dan Zhou et al.

CHEMPHYSCHEM (2019)

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Stretchable Conductive Fibers of Ultrahigh Tensile Strain and Stable Conductance Enabled by a Worm-Shaped Graphene Microlayer

Fengqiang Sun et al.

NANO LETTERS (2019)

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A flexible skin-mounted wireless acoustic device for bowel sounds monitoring and evaluation

Fengle Wang et al.

SCIENCE CHINA-INFORMATION SCIENCES (2019)

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Superhydrophobic, Transparent, and Stretchable 3D Hierarchical Wrinkled Film-Based Sensors for Wearable Applications

Bichitra Nanda Sahoo et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2019)

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Highly Stretchable, Adhesive, and Mechanical Zwitterionic Nanocomposite Hydrogel Biomimetic Skin

Bowen Yang et al.

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Highly Compressible and Robust Polyimide/Carbon Nanotube Composite Aerogel for High-Performance Wearable Pressure Sensor

Xiaoyu Chen et al.

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Versatile Electronic Skins with Biomimetic Micronanostructures Fabricated Using Natural Reed Leaves as Templates

Yu-Qng Liu et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Ultrasensitive Anti-Interference Voice Recognition by Bio-Inspired Skin-Attachable Self-Cleaning Acoustic Sensors

Truong-Son Dinh Le et al.

ACS NANO (2019)

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Pacifier Biosensor: Toward Noninvasive Saliva Biomarker Monitoring

Laura Garcia-Carmona et al.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

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A Biomimetic Interface with High Adhesion, Tailorable Modulus for On-Skin Sensors, and Low-Power Actuators

Song Chen et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

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Skin-integrated wireless haptic interfaces for virtual and augmented reality

Xinge Yu et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Materials, Structures, and Functions for Flexible and Stretchable Biomimetic Sensors

Tie Li et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2019)

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Bioinspired Electronics for Artificial Sensory Systems

Yei Hwan Jung et al.

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Highly Sensitive and Wearable Liquid Metal-Based Pressure Sensor for Health Monitoring Applications: Integration of a 3D-Printed Microbump Array with the Microchannel

Kyuyoung Kim et al.

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Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two Dimensional Nanomaterials

Zheng Meng et al.

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Vibrational Receptor of Scorpion (Heterometrus petersii): The Basitarsal Compound Slit Sensilla

Kejun Wang et al.

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An exercise-induced messenger boosts memory in Alzheimer's disease

Xu Chen et al.

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Optoregulated Drug Release from an Engineered Living Material: Self-Replenishing Drug Depots for Long-Term, Light-Regulated Delivery

Shrikrishnan Sankaran et al.

SMALL (2019)

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A lotus effect-inspired flexible and breathable membrane with hierarchical electrospinning micro/nanofibers and ZnO nanowires

Rouxi Chen et al.

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Piezotronic Graphene Artificial Sensory Synapse

Youhui Chen et al.

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Bio-inspired intelligent structural color materials

Luoran Shang et al.

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Supramolecular nanofibrillar hydrogels as highly stretchable, elastic and sensitive ionic sensors

Xiaohui Zhang et al.

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Flow field perception based on the fish lateral line system

Yonggang Jiang et al.

BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS (2019)

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Nacre-inspired highly stretchable piezoresistive Cu-Ag nanowire/graphene synergistic conductive networks for strain sensors and beyond

Xiangying Meng et al.

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TiO2 based sensor with butterfly wing configurations for fast acetone detection at room temperature

Guiqin Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2019)

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Fabrication of highly pressure-sensitive, hydrophobic, and flexible 3D carbon nanofiber networks by electrospinning for human physiological signal monitoring

Zhiyuan Han et al.

NANOSCALE (2019)

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A bio-inspired cilia array as the dielectric layer for flexible capacitive pressure sensors with high sensitivity and a broad detection range

Qian Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2019)

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Biomimetics for high-performance flexible tactile sensors and advanced artificial sensory systems

Vipin Amoli et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2019)

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Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Shanshan Yao et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2018)

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Capacitive Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Fast Response to Dynamic Interaction Based on Graphene and Porous Nylon Networks

Zhongfu He et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2018)

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Mussel-Inspired Conductive Polymer Binder for Si-Alloy Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hui Zhao et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2018)

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A Biomimetic Conductive Tendril for Ultrastretchable and Integratable Electronics, Muscles, and Sensors

Yin Cheng et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

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Flexible Ferroelectric Sensors with Ultrahigh Pressure Sensitivity and Linear Response over Exceptionally Broad Pressure Range

Youngoh Lee et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

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Skin-Inspired Hierarchical Polymer Architectures with Gradient Stiffness for Spacer-Free, Ultrathin, and Highly Sensitive Triboelectric Sensors

Minjeong Ha et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

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Wearable Superhydrophobic Elastomer Skin with Switchable Wettability

Jian-Nan Wang et al.

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Bio-artificial tongue with tongue extracellular matrix and primary taste cells

Jung Seung Lee et al.

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Wearable humidity sensor based on porous graphene network for respiration monitoring

Yu Pang et al.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2018)

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Next-Generation Machine Learning for Biological Networks

Diogo M. Camacho et al.

CELL (2018)

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Design of Bionic Cochlear Basilar Membrane Acoustic Sensor for Frequency Selectivity Based on Film Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Yudong Liu et al.

NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS (2018)

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Self-powered wearable sensing-textiles for real-time detecting environmental atmosphere and body motion based on surface-triboelectric coupling effect

Tianming Zhao et al.

NANOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Self-powered gustation electronic skin for mimicking taste buds based on piezoelectric-enzymatic reaction coupling process

Tianming Zhao et al.

NANOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

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A bioinspired flexible organic artificial afferent nerve

Yeongin Kim et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Durable and regenerable superhydrophobic coatings for aluminium surfaces with excellent self-cleaning and anti-fogging properties

P. Varshney et al.

TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2018)

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Transparent and attachable ionic communicators based on self-cleanable triboelectric nanogenerators

Younghoon Lee et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Skin-inspired highly stretchable and conformable matrix networks for multifunctional sensing

Qilin Hua et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Nacre-inspired composites with different macroscopic dimensions: strategies for improved mechanical performance and applications

Hewei Zhao et al.

NPG ASIA MATERIALS (2018)

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A self-powered brain multi-perception receptor for sensory-substitution application

Yongming Fu et al.

NANO ENERGY (2018)

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Design of Bionic Cochlear Basilar Membrane Acoustic Sensor for Frequency Selectivity Based on Film Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Yudong Liu et al.

NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS (2018)

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A Highly Sensitive Flexible Capacitive Tactile Sensor with Sparse and High-Aspect-Ratio Microstructures

Yongbiao Wan et al.

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Biomedical applications of soft robotics

Matteo Cianchetti et al.

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Molecularly selective nanoporous membrane-based wearable organic electrochemical device for noninvasive cortisol sensing

Onur Parlak et al.

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A Four-Channel Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Module for Cortisol Biosensing in Sweat-Based Wearable Applications

Devangsingh Sankhala et al.

SLAS TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Intelligent Biomimetic Chameleon Skin with Excellent Self-Healing and Electrochromic Properties

Rongzong Zheng et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2018)

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Standing Enokitake-like Nanowire Films for Highly Stretchable Elastronics

Yan Wang et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

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Bioinspired Design of Strong, Tough, and Thermally Stable Polymeric Materials via Nanoconfinement

Pingan Song et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

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Versatile biomimetic conductive polypyrrole films doped with hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights

Semin Kim et al.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2018)

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Biomimetic Cilia-Patterned Rubber Electrode Using Ultra Conductive Polydimethylsiloxane

Gyeong J. Jin et al.

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Ultrafast water harvesting and transport in hierarchical microchannels

Huawei Chen et al.

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Wearables and the medical revolution

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PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2018)

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Machine learning-based self-powered acoustic sensor for speaker recognition

Jae Hyun Han et al.

NANO ENERGY (2018)

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Chemical Sensing at the Robot Fingertips: Toward Automated Taste Discrimination in Food Samples

Bianca Ciui et al.

ACS SENSORS (2018)

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Transparent and conductive nanomembranes with orthogonal silver nanowire arrays for skin-attachable loudspeakers and microphones

Saewon Kang et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2018)

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Monitoring of the central blood pressure waveform via a conformal ultrasonic device

Chonghe Wang et al.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2018)

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Conductive and Stretchable Adhesive Electronics with Miniaturized Octopus-Like Suckers against Dry/Wet Skin for Biosignal Monitoring

Sungwoo Chun et al.

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A Low-Cost Polyaniline@Textile-Based Multifunctional Sensor for Simultaneously Detecting Tactile and Olfactory Stimuli

Xing Tang et al.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2018)

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A flexible organic reflectance oximeter array

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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A hierarchically patterned, bioinspired e-skin able to detect the direction of applied pressure for robotics

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SCIENCE ROBOTICS (2018)

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A highly sensitive, self-powered triboelectric auditory sensor for social robotics and hearing aids

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SCIENCE ROBOTICS (2018)

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Bioinspired dual-stiffness origami

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SCIENCE ROBOTICS (2018)

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3D Printing of Living Responsive Materials and Devices

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Structuring of Functional Spider Silk Wires, Coatings, and Sheets by Self-Assembly on Superhydrophobic Pillar Surfaces

Linnea Gustafsson et al.

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A review on the heterostructure nanomaterials for supercapacitor application

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JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2018)

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Biomimetic Chitin-Silk Hybrids: An Optically Transparent Structural Platform for Wearable Devices and Advanced Electronics

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High-Adhesion Stretchable Electrodes Based on Nanopile Interlocking

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A Novel Bioinspired Continuous Unidirectional Liquid Spreading Surface Structure from the Peristome Surface of Nepenthes alata

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SMALL (2017)

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Flexible electronic eardrum

Yang Gu et al.

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Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks

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NATURE (2017)

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Stretchable living materials and devices with hydrogel-elastomer hybrids hosting programmed cells

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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A whole animal-based biosensor for fast detection of bitter compounds using extracellular potentials in rat gustatory cortex

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2017)

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Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring

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SMALL (2017)

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Human eye-inspired soft optoelectronic device using high-density MoS2-graphene curved image sensor array

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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An intelligent artificial throat with sound-sensing ability based on laser induced graphene

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Humidity-resisting triboelectric nanogenerator for high performance biomechanical energy harvesting

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NANO ENERGY (2017)

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Wearable, Flexible, and Multifunctional Healthcare Device with an ISFET Chemical Sensor for Simultaneous Sweat pH and Skin Temperature Monitoring

Shogo Nakata et al.

ACS SENSORS (2017)

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Wearable Ring-Based Sensing Platform for Detecting Chemical Threats

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ACS SENSORS (2017)

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Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring

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Portable biosensor for monitoring cortisol in low-volume perspired human sweat

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

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Robust Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanotube Film with Lotus Leaf Mimetic Multiscale Hierarchical Structures

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A Superhydrophobic Smart Coating for Flexible and Wearable Sensing Electronics

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Dragonfly wing nodus: A one-way hinge contributing to the asymmetric wing deformation

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ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2017)

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Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

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CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2017)

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A semitransparent snake-like tactile and olfactory bionic sensor with reversibly stretchable properties

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NPG ASIA MATERIALS (2017)

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A Skin-Inspired Integrated Sensor for Synchronous Monitoring of Multiparameter Signals

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Wearable and Transparent Capacitive Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity Based on Patterned Ag Nanowire Networks

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2017)

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Graphene-Based Three-Dimensional Capacitive Touch Sensor for Wearable Electronics

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ACS NANO (2017)

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High-Performance Piezoresistive Electronic Skin with Bionic Hierarchical Microstructure and Microcracks

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2017)

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Electronic Skin with Multifunction Sensors Based on Thermosensation

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Bioinspired Design of Strong, Tough, and Highly Conductive Polyol-Polypyrrole Composites for Flexible Electronics

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2017)

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Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors Based on Bionic Hierarchical Structures

Muqiang Jian et al.

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Tough bonding of hydrogels to diverse non-porous surfaces

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NATURE MATERIALS (2016)

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Highly Sensitive, Flexible, and Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on a Giant Piezocapacitive Effect of Three-Dimensional Microporous Elastomeric Dielectric Layer

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Bioinspired, Highly Stretchable, and Conductive Dry Adhesives Based on 1D-2D Hybrid Carbon Nanocomposites for All-in-One ECG Electrodes

Taehoon Kim et al.

ACS NANO (2016)

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Micromechanical properties of strain-sensitive lyriform organs of a wandering spider (Cupiennius salei)

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ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2016)

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Stretchable, Skin-Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

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Stretchable and Multimodal All Graphene Electronic Skin

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Thermal Processing of Silicones for Green, Scalable, and Healable Superhydrophobic Coatings

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A novel bioelectronic tongue in vivo for highly sensitive bitterness detection with brain-machine interface

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System Architectures in Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

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ELECTROANALYSIS (2016)

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Patterned, highly stretchable and conductive nanofibrous PANI/PVDF strain sensors based on electrospinning and in situ polymerization

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NANOSCALE (2016)

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Continuous directional water transport on the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata

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NATURE (2016)

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Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis

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NATURE (2016)

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An elastic second skin

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NATURE MATERIALS (2016)

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Living biofouling-resistant membranes as a model for the beneficial use of engineered biofilms

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

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A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat

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SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2016)

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Pretreated Butterfly Wings for Tuning the Selective Vapor Sensing

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SENSORS (2016)

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A Triboelectric-Based Artificial Basilar Membrane to Mimic Cochlear Tonotopy

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Structural engineering of gold thin films with channel cracks for ultrasensitive strain sensing

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Toward Self-Powered Wearable Adhesive Skin Patch with Bendable Microneedle Array for Transdermal Drug Delivery

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Printed multifunctional flexible device with an integrated motion sensor for health care monitoring

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Ultraflexible organic photonic skin

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A Self-Assembled, Low-Cost, Microstructured Layer for Extremely Stretchable Gold Films

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2015)

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Multiscaling Approach for Non-Destructive Adhesion Studies of Metal/Polymer Composites

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2015)

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Stretchable Array of Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors Consisting of Polyaniline Nanofibers and Au-Coated Polydimethylsiloxane Micropillars

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Eardrum-Inspired Active Sensors for Self-Powered Cardiovascular System Characterization and Throat-Attached Anti-Interference Voice Recognition

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Detection and classification of natural odors with an in vivo bioelectronic nose

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BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2015)

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Nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: To the mechanism of growth, electrical conductivity and application in catalysis

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CATALYSIS TODAY (2015)

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Robust self-cleaning surfaces that function when exposed to either air or oil

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A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor

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Soft network composite materials with deterministic and bio-inspired designs

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

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Fingertip skin-inspired microstructured ferroelectric skins discriminate static/dynamic pressure and temperature stimuli

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Highly Skin-Conformal Microhairy Sensor for Pulse Signal Amplification

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ADVANCED MATERIALS (2015)

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Mimosa-Inspired Design of a Flexible Pressure Sensor with Touch Sensitivity

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Small (2015)

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A microelectromechanical system artificial basilar membrane based on a piezoelectric cantilever array and its characterization using an animal model

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2015)

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Flexible Inorganic Piezoelectric Acoustic Nanosensors for Biomimetic Artificial Hair Cells

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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2014)

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Ultrasensitive mechanical crack-based sensor inspired by the spider sensory system

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A neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception

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SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2014)

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A wearable and highly sensitive pressure sensor with ultrathin gold nanowires

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2014)

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Stable superhydrophobic surface based on silicone combustion product

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Evidence for a material gradient in the adhesive tarsal setae of the ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2013)

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Rational Design and Enhanced Biocompatibility of a Dry Adhesive Medical Skin Patch

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Lateral line system of fish

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INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY (2009)

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