Melanin-The Éminence Grise of Melanoma and Parkinson's Disease Development

Simple Summary This article examines the fascinating association between melanoma, a malignant skin cancer, and Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Both diseases involve cells that produce melanin, a pigment that provides skin color and protects against UV radiation. This study explores the potential impact of melanin synthesis on these diseases, considering the divergent roles of eumelanin and pheomelanin, melanin types present in both skin and brain cells. Additionally, it investigates the influence of PD treatments, such as L-DOPA, on melanoma risk, although the nature of this relationship remains uncertain. The research aims to provide insights into these intricate connections and their implications for the medical field.Abstract A common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and melanoma is their starting points being based on cells capable of converting tyrosine into melanin. Melanocytes produce two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. These dyes are designed to protect epidermal cells from the harmful effects of UV radiation. Neurones of the substantia nigra, which degenerate during PD, produce neuromelanin, the physiological role of which is not fully explained. This article discusses the potential role of melanins in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Melanins, due to their ability to accumulate toxic substances, may become their sources over time. The use of glutathione for the synthesis of pheomelanins and neuromelanins may reduce the antioxidant capacity of cells, leading to an excessive synthesis of free radicals. This study also tested the hypothesis that certain drugs used in the treatment of PD (L-DOPA, MAO-B and COMT inhibitors, and amantadine), aimed at increasing dopamine concentration, could potentially contribute to the development of melanoma. The role and properties of melanins should continue to be researched. Whether excessive melanin synthesis or its accumulation in the extracellular space may be factors initiating the development of diseases remains an open question.

Automated summary

This article examines the association between melanoma and Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential impact of melanin synthesis and certain PD treatments on these diseases. The findings suggest that melanin accumulation may contribute to disease development, and certain drugs used for PD treatment may increase the risk of melanoma. However, further research is needed to fully understand the role of melanin in disease progression.