Journal
PLOS BIOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000225
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Funding
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University Junior Fellowship
- National Science Foundation Division of Integrative Organismal Systems [1456778]
- National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure [1400456]
- National Institute of Health [5T32GM080178]
- National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology [1046149]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1046149] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1456778] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1400456] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Phylosymbiosis was recently proposed to describe the eco-evolutionary pattern, whereby the ecological relatedness of host-associated microbial communities parallels the phylogeny of related host species. Here, we test the prevalence of phylosymbiosis and its functional significance under highly controlled conditions by characterizing the microbiota of 24 animal species from four different groups (Peromyscus deer mice, Drosophila flies, mosquitoes, and Nasonia wasps), and we reevaluate the phylosymbiotic relationships of seven species of wild hominids. We demonstrate three key findings. First, intraspecific microbiota variation is consistently less than interspecific microbiota variation, and microbiota-based models predict host species origin with high accuracy across the dataset. Interestingly, the age of host clade divergence positively associates with the degree of microbial community distinguishability between species within the host clades, spanning recent host speciation events (similar to 1 million y ago) to more distantly related host genera (similar to 108 million y ago). Second, topological congruence analyses of each group's complete phylogeny and microbiota dendrogram reveal significant degrees of phylosymbiosis, irrespective of host clade age or taxonomy. Third, consistent with selection on host-microbiota interactions driving phylosymbiosis, there are survival and performance reductions when interspecific microbiota transplants are conducted between closely related and divergent host species pairs. Overall, these findings indicate that the composition and functional effects of an animal's microbial community can be closely allied with host evolution, even across wide-ranging timescales and diverse animal systems reared under controlled conditions.
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